Abstract:Overwintering is a major contributor to honey bee colony loss and involves factors that influence disease susceptibility. Honey bees possess a secretory head gland that interfaces with the extended social environment on many levels. With the coming of winter, colonies produce a long-lived (diutinus) worker phenotype that survives until environmental conditions improve. We used a known-age worker cohort to investigate microbiome integrity and social gene expression of diutinus workers overwinter. We provide add… Show more
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