Gusts and shear within hurricane eyewalls can exceed offshore wind turbine design standards

Worsnop, Rochelle P.; Lundquist, Julie K.; Bryan, G. H.; Damiani, Rick; Musiał, W.

doi:10.1002/2017gl073537

Cited by 39 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…While the offshore wind resource is considerable, and the daily timing of wind speed increases due to sea breeze effects in the summer are particularly valuable for integrating wind energy into power grids, these results suggest that flow from the south and southwest that would lead to increased wind speeds would also have reduced turbulence, leading to stronger and more persistent wind plant wakes. Moreover, wakes in the summer would be affected by wind veer greater than 14 • between the vertical limits of typical current commercial offshore wind turbines, and even larger values can be expected when considering wind gusts (Worsnop et al, 2017). This large wind veer can impact the effectiveness of wake steering solutions (Fleming et al, 2017(Fleming et al, , 2019 to minimize the wake energy loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offshore Wind Turbines Will Encounter Very Low Atmospheric Turbulence

Bodini¹,

Lundquist²,

Kirincich³

2020

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Key Points:• strength and persistence of wind plant wakes depends on turbulence dissipation rate • turbulence dissipation rate offshore is small with a weak diurnal cycle • dissipation rate is larger when flow is from the land, which tends to be in wintertime at this site AbstractThe rapid growth of offshore wind energy requires accurate modeling of the wind resource, which can be depleted by wind farm wakes. Turbulence dissipation rate ( ) governs the accuracy of model predictions of hub-height wind speed and the development and erosion of wakes. Here we assess the variability of turbulence kinetic energy and using 13 months of observations from a profiling lidar deployed on a platform off the Massachusetts coast. Offshore, is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than onshore, with a subtle diurnal cycle. Wind direction largely influences the annual cycle of turbulence, with larger values in winter when the wind flows from the land, and smaller values in summer, when the wind is mainly from open ocean. Because of the weak turbulence, wind plant wakes will be stronger and persist farther downwind in summer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offshore Wind Turbines Will Encounter Very Low Atmospheric Turbulence

Bodini¹,

Lundquist²,

Kirincich³

2020

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Rapid atmospheric turbulence at the air-sea interface may have significant climatic impacts because of nonlinearities in the ocean's response to atmospheric forcing (Williams, 2012). At short spatiotemporal scales, large-eddy simulations may be used to assess the atmospheric boundary layer's impacts on clouds (Chu et al, 2014), pollution transport (Cécé et al, 2016), wildfires (Coen et al, 2012), and renewable energy (Worsnop et al, 2017). Dynamic downscaling of mesoscale simulations to large-eddy simulations incorporates mesoscale variability while introducing challenges when parameterized atmospheric boundary layer turbulence interacts with directly represented turbulence (Shin & Dudhia, 2016).…”

Section: Seconds and Minutes: Turbulencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Census of Atmospheric Variability From Seconds to Decades

Williams

Alexander

Barnes

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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This paper synthesizes and summarizes atmospheric variability on time scales from seconds to decades through a phenomenological census. We focus mainly on unforced variability in the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere. In addition to atmosphere-only modes, our scope also includes coupled modes, in which the atmosphere interacts with the other components of the Earth system, such as the ocean, hydrosphere, and cryosphere. The topics covered include turbulence on time scales of seconds and minutes, gravity waves on time scales of hours, weather systems on time scales of days, atmospheric blocking on time scales of weeks, the Madden-Julian Oscillation on time scales of months, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and El Niño-Southern Oscillation on time scales of years, and the North Atlantic, Arctic, Antarctic, Pacific Decadal, and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillations on time scales of decades. The paper serves as an introduction to a special collection of Geophysical Research Letters on atmospheric variability. We hope that both this paper and the collection will serve as a useful resource for the atmospheric science community and will act as inspiration for setting future research directions. the atmosphere interacts with the other components of the Earth system, such as the ocean, hydrosphere, and cryosphere. Given these interactions, and the importance of the atmosphere for weather and climate, our intended audience is the entire Geophysical Research Letters readership. Our aim is to provide an authoritative, concise, and accessible point of reference for the most important modes of atmospheric variability. This Commentary serves as an introductory foreword to a virtual special collection of Geophysical Research Letters on atmospheric variability. To initiate the collection, we have identified some of the most influential and definitive papers to have been published in this journal in recent years. Our hope and expectation is that this will be a living collection, which will grow over time whenever seminal new papers are published. The contents of the Commentary are ordered in terms of increasing time scale, from seconds and minutes (section 2), to hours (section 3), days (section 4), weeks (section 5), months (section 6), years (section 7), and decades (section 8). We note at the outset, however, that the time scales of many atmospheric phenomena are not unambiguously defined. For example, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (section 6) is monitored and WILLIAMS ET AL.

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“…High resolution simulation is necessary for detailed hurricane research, because some turbulence structures do not become resolved until a hundred meters or ten meters resolution is used. These turbulence structures will be the source of damage to offshore structures, such as wind farms and oil rigs, and coastal buildings [Worsnop et al, 2017a;Worsnop et al, 2017b;Bryan et al, 2017;Stern and Bryan, 2018]. Rotunno et al [2009] showed that the maximum wind speed in their tropical cyclone simulation showed a strong relation with the resolved three-dimensional turbulence structure scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-eddy simulation of idealized hurricanes at different sea surface temperatures

Ren

Dudhia

2019

Preprint

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 The hurricane structure changes as sea surface temperature increases: the distribution function of wind speed changes from single peak to bimodal.  The scale of turbulent eddies increases as sea surface temperature increases. For hurricane intensity, a horizontal grid size near 200 m is sufficient for a converged solution.  A new damage indicator is proposed for hurricane disaster risks.

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Gusts and shear within hurricane eyewalls can exceed offshore wind turbine design standards

Cited by 39 publications

References 44 publications

Offshore Wind Turbines Will Encounter Very Low Atmospheric Turbulence

Offshore Wind Turbines Will Encounter Very Low Atmospheric Turbulence

A Census of Atmospheric Variability From Seconds to Decades

Large-eddy simulation of idealized hurricanes at different sea surface temperatures

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