Gustatory and olfactory function in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression

Święcicki, Łukasz; Zatorski, Paweł; Bzinkowska, Dorota; Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Halina; Szyndler, Janusz; Ścińska, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.03.030

Cited by 90 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…No difference between groups was observed for pleasant stimuli. These last results for pleasant stimuli are in accordance with the literature (Pause et al, 2001;Thomas et al, 2002;Swiecicki et al, 2009;Clepce et al, 2010). However, for the cited above studies the calculation method of the subjects' pleasantness considers all the odors irrespective of the hedonic valence of the stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The authors found no relationship between more severe symptoms of depression and blunted or heightened responses, as indicated by autonomic reactivity and self-report measures. Likewise, no correlation was found between severity of depression and the pleasantness rating of olfactory (Atanasova et al, 2010) and gustatory stimuli (Swiecicki et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Earlier, Pause et al (2001) found that only one odour (citral) out of the ten studied was perceived as significantly more pleasant by depressed patients than by controls. No difference between the hedonic scores of MDD patients and controls was observed by three studies (Thomas et al, 2002;Swiecicki et al, 2009;Clepce et al, 2010). Other studies have found that MDD patients over-evaluate the pleasantness of odorants compared to controls (Lombion-Pouthier et al, 2006;Cumming et al, 2011).…”

Section: Olfactory Hedonic Response and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Hedonic Olfactory Perception in Depression: Relationship between Self-Evaluation and Autonomic Response

Atanasova¹,

Gaillard²,

Minier³

et al. 2012

PSYCH

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This study aimed to improve the understanding of hedonic perception in depression using the olfactory modality. We evaluated physiological (heart rate measures) and hedonic responses (subjective rating scale) obtained from 30 unipolar depressed inpatients and 30 healthy controls. The stimuli were two odorants with contrasting hedonic valence, vanillin (pleasant) and butyric acid (foul-smelling), presented at three different concentrations and in nine binary mixtures. Compared to controls, the depressed subjects had significantly increased heart rate response to olfactory stimuli, regardless of valence. These observations were not related to the severity of depression. For both groups, a significant negative correlation was found between the explicit hedonic rating and the implicit instantaneous heart rate measure. Together these pilot findings suggest that unipolar depression is associated with stronger physiological reactions to odorants and a negative bias when processing olfactory stimuli. Further studies are required to confirm these observations in larger groups of depressed subjects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Olfactory Hedonic Response and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 84%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hedonic Olfactory Perception in Depression: Relationship between Self-Evaluation and Autonomic Response

Atanasova¹,

Gaillard²,

Minier³

et al. 2012

PSYCH

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“…Olfactory thresholds in MDD were increased [13,14,15,16], reduced [17] or unchanged [17,18,19,20,21]. Whereas some authors found a correlation between olfactory and clinical measures of depression [13], others did not [17].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfaction in Affective and Anxiety Disorders: A Review of the Literature

Burón

Bulbena²

2012

Psychopathology

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Background: Olfaction and its relation to mental health is an area of growing interest. Brain areas linked to olfaction partially overlap with brain areas involved in psychiatric disorders; consequently, the study of olfactory function allows us to explore the integrity of these brain areas with a non-invasive and effective method. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to review olfactory function in affective and anxiety disorders. Methods: For this purpose, an extensive literature review of English-language studies on olfactory function in patients with the aforementioned pathologies was performed using several online databases. A manual search of relevant journals and books as well as reference lists from selected papers was also performed. Results: The available data show that depressed patients are usually characterised by preserved olfactory function, except for detection threshold, where contrasting reports have been found. Bipolar disorder has been studied to a lesser extent, but the findings have shown a lack of impairment in most cases. Research on seasonal affective disorders is scant, and future studies are needed to make conclusions. Anxiety disorders have been scarcely approached, but the results note identification deficits in obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders. Conclusions: Olfactory assessment appears to be a complementary, valuable research tool in the study of psychiatric disorders. However, further investigation is needed to improve our understanding of olfactory function in these disorders.

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“…Surprisingly, the majority of studies report similar, or higher, pleasantness ratings in depressed patients compared to controls in response to sweet solutions (Amsterdam et al, 1987;Berlin et al, 1998;Scinska et al, 2004;Swiecicki et al, 2009;Dichter et al, 2010) and various odors (Steiner et al, 1993;Pause et al, 2001;Lombion-Pouthier et al, 2006;Scinska et al, 2008;Clepce et al, 2010). Similarly, evidence from studies of patients suffering from schizophrenia does not suggest that this patient group experiences lower levels of hedonic reactivity to pleasurable stimuli compared with controls (Heerey and Gold, 2007;Barch and Dowd, 2010;Strauss and Gold, 2012).…”

Section: Impaired Ability To Experience Pleasurementioning

confidence: 99%