Gust Load Control Design Challenge Including Lidar Wind Measurements and Based on the Common Research Model

Cavaliere, Davide; Fezans, Nicolas; Kiehn, Daniel; Quero, David; Vrancken, Patrick

doi:10.2514/6.2022-1934

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…37 Illustration of wind estimation process: from lidar line-of-sight speed measurements to estimated wind field (in vertical direction), adapted from Ref. [108].…”

Section: Wind Field Reconstruction From Airborne Lidar Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this specific case, the p parameters in θ correspond to the individual wind velocity components at the model nodes. When used for a series of nodes along the flight path, as in Fig.37, the Tikhonov regularization matrices Γ 1 and Γ 2 are, respectively, of sizes p − 1 × p and p − 2 × p. More detailed explanations on the wind field estimation problem from lidar line-of-sight speed measurements, its solution, and how this information can be used by gust load alleviation controllers are given in Refs [107][108][109][110][111]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective and Recent Examples of Aircraft and Rotorcraft System Identification at DLR

Deiler

Mönnich

Seher-Weiß

et al. 2023

Journal of Aircraft

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Aircraft system identification has a five-decades-long tradition at German Aerospace Center (DLR). Over the last two decades, the research covered various topics related to system identification of fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, nonconventional applications and atmospheric effects, the development of new flight-test procedures for system identification purposes, and specific aircraft model enhancements and corresponding parameter estimation. Comprehensive tools were developed that support this research and can be applied to a variety of different problems and types of vehicles. The paper starts with a short description of the different system identification methods used at DLR and the corresponding tools. The discussion of flight-test procedures and maneuver design as well as sensor fusion and flight-path reconstruction provides information on how to optimize the flight tests for system identification and to arrive at a consistent flight-test database. The examples for fixed-wing aircraft provide information on identification including abnormal conditions such as icing and interaction with atmospheric disturbances as well as modeling of structural mechanics and loads. The identification of high-order rotorcraft models that account for rotor and engine dynamics and even structural modes is discussed, and the identification of rotor mast moments as well as the identification of non-physics-based models and their integration into physics-based models are also covered. A final section shows that system identification can also be used to derive models for gyroplanes and parachutes as well as to derive control equivalent turbulence input models and to estimate complex wind field geometries. Thus, a broad overview of possible applications of system identification is given.

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“…37 Illustration of wind estimation process: from lidar line-of-sight speed measurements to estimated wind field (in vertical direction), adapted from Ref. [108].…”

Section: Wind Field Reconstruction From Airborne Lidar Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective and Recent Examples of Aircraft and Rotorcraft System Identification at DLR

Deiler

Mönnich

Seher-Weiß

et al. 2023

Journal of Aircraft

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“…The wind measurement with embedded atmospheric lidar have many applications such as gust load alleviation, [1][2][3][4] navigation aid for aircraft navigation 5 or high-altitude platform system, 6 weather forecasting improvement using wind measurements from spaceborne lidar. 7 The latter was realized during the ADM-Aeolus mission, launched in 2018, providing the first global wind profiles from space across the entire troposphere and lower stratosphere which led to a significant improvement in the weather forecast score.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust molecular wind lidar with Quadri Mach-Zehnder interferometer and UV fiber laser for calibration/validation and future generation of Aeolus

Boulant,

Valla,

Mariscal

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXVIII

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Wind speed measurement with on-board system has many applications in aeronautics (Gust Load alleviation, Haps, etc.) and space (Weather forecast). The molecular wind lidar is developed for those purposes as it sent laser pulses into the atmosphere to determine, with a spectral analyzer, the wind speed from the Doppler shift induced by the molecules of the atmosphere. In this paper we present the lidar architecture developed at ONERA, that uses a Quadri Mach-Zehnder (QMZ) as a spectral analyzer and a UV fiber laser, designed for gust load alleviation application. We discuss about the advantages of such architecture for wind measurement from space. Simulations of the performances have been performed in the case of Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) of Aeolus, showing standard deviation on wind speed measurement less than 2 m/s up to 17 km of altitude for the optimized hybrid fiber laser of 10 W laser average power and a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 5 kHz. Simulations that evaluates the performances for Aeolus measurement with minor changes in the lidar architecture have been computed, with results showing that requirements are fulfilled up to 22.5 km of altitude with the optimized hybrid fiber laser of 10 W and 3 kHz PRF.

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“…DLR studies the interconnection of reducible loads, airframe control and aerodynamics and lidar sensory capabilities in a holistic approach. Thus, a four-part iterative simulation suite [20,24,25] covers the whole chain: lidar performance is modeled both in a simplified analytical and a more physical end-to-end implementation-based simulation, as a function of basic design parameters (see Section 2). A module designated to the wind reconstruction algorithm (WRA) allows the optimization of the LOS wind acquisition with respect to the relevant aircraft frequency responses [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in order to generate a descriptive aero-elastic state space model of reduced order. This allows the derivation of mechanical loads based on turbulence input [25], where the latter may be discrete gusts or continuous turbulence as defined in the regulatory framework documents [12]. Another block within the simulation ensemble is the feedforward gust load alleviation (GLA) controller itself, with the controller design based on a new multi-channel structured discrete time H ∞ formulation [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aeronautics Application of Direct-Detection Doppler Wind Lidar: An Adapted Design Based on a Fringe-Imaging Michelson Interferometer as Spectral Analyzer

Vrancken

Herbst

2022

Remote Sensing

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We report on the development of a novel direct-detection Doppler wind lidar (DD-DWL) within the strong requirements of an aeronautic feed-forward control application for gust load alleviation (GLA). This DD-DWL is based on fringe imaging of the Doppler-shifted backscatter of ultraviolet laser pulses in a field-widened Michelson interferometer (FW-FIMI) using a fast linear photodetector. The double approach of detailed simulation and demonstrator development is validated by field measurements with reference wind sensing instrumentation. These experiments allow us to establish wind determination precision at a high repeat rate, short range resolution and close distance of approximately 0.5 m/s, which is in accordance with the dedicated simulations. These findings lead us to the conclusion that this FW-FIMI-based Doppler wind lidar is a pertinent development meeting the special requirements of this aeronautics application. Second, the developed simulators are well suited (given their validation) to be used in the overall and full analysis as well as the optimization of the lidar-based GLA control scheme.

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Gust Load Control Design Challenge Including Lidar Wind Measurements and Based on the Common Research Model

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Retrospective and Recent Examples of Aircraft and Rotorcraft System Identification at DLR

Retrospective and Recent Examples of Aircraft and Rotorcraft System Identification at DLR

Robust molecular wind lidar with Quadri Mach-Zehnder interferometer and UV fiber laser for calibration/validation and future generation of Aeolus

Aeronautics Application of Direct-Detection Doppler Wind Lidar: An Adapted Design Based on a Fringe-Imaging Michelson Interferometer as Spectral Analyzer

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