Gums

The Use of Proteins, Lipids, and Carbohydrates in the Management of Wounds

“…The tissue tensile strength is restored by the alignment along the tension lines in addition to the degradation of the cells previously reported, especially in the second and third stages of wound healing. In view of the sophisticated repair process, the reactions are synergic and ordered, contributing to a wound repair without interruption, for example, how it occurs in simple and acute wounds [ 2 , 35 ]. Differently, chronic wounds are interrupted by an orderly process, for example, the infection of microorganisms.…”

“…It exerts several important homeostatic functions ranging from thermostatic regulation to the repair of flaws in tissue integrity, because of intrinsic or extrinsic factors, through a perfect and coordinated cascade of cells and molecular events, with the aim of rebuilding the injured tissue. The process of tissue repair begins just after the lesion, and is constituted of four distinct stages that overlap in time: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

“…The third stage is characterized by re-epithelialization, with migration of epithelial cells to the edge of the wound, angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, and wound contraction. The final stage is remodeling, characterized by intense matrix production, type 1 collagen remodeling, maturation, and vascular regression; this stage begins 2–3 weeks after injury and can extend for months [ 2 , 4 ].…”

“…Acute wound repair is rarely considered as a health problem as the process occurs in a timely and orderly way [ 5 ]. During the process, immune-inflammatory cells appear transiently; innate immunity is responsible for removing dead cells and cellular debris, and macrophages and neutrophils participate in the very healing [ 2 ]. However, pathophysiological conditions can lead to a deficient repair and the absence of healing after the period of time that would be sufficient for a proper tissue repair [ 5 ].…”