Guilt, Shame, and Depression in Clients in Recovery from Addiction

Meehan, Woerner P.; O’Connor, Lynn E.; Berry, Jack W.; Weiss, Joseph; Morrison, Andrea; Acampora, Alphonso

doi:10.1080/02791072.1996.10524385

Cited by 78 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Consistent with this conceptual analysis, empirical studies that fail to take into account the distinction between shame and guilt, or that employ adjective checklist-type (and other globally worded) measures that are ill-suited to distinguish between shame and guilt, report that guilt-proneness is associated with psychological symptoms (Boye et al 2002, Fontana & Rosenbeck 2004, Ghatavi et al 2002, Harder 1995, Jones & Kugler 1993, Meehan et al 1996. For example, using the Interpersonal Guilt Questionnaire (O'Connor et al 1997), Berghold & Locke (2002) found that solely the "self-hate" guilt scale differentiated between a control group and adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.…”

Section: Hiding Versus Amendingmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Shame-proneness assessed in the fifth grade predicted later risky driving behavior, earlier initiation of drug and alcohol use, and a lower likelihood of practicing safe sex (Tangney & Dearing 2002). Similarly, proneness to problematic feelings of shame has been positively linked to substance use and abuse in adulthood (Dearing et al 2005, Meehan et al 1996, O'Connor et al 1994). …”

Section: Hiding Versus Amendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moral Emotions and Moral Behavior

Tangney

Stuewig

Mashek

2007

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

2,296

2,336

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Moral emotions represent a key element of our human moral apparatus, influencing the link between moral standards and moral behavior. This chapter reviews current theory and research on moral emotions. We first focus on a triad of negatively valenced "self-conscious" emotionsshame, guilt, and embarrassment. As in previous decades, much research remains focused on shame and guilt. We review current thinking on the distinction between shame and guilt, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of these two moral emotions. Several new areas of research are highlighted: research on the domain-specific phenomenon of body shame, styles of coping with shame, psychobiological aspects of shame, the link between childhood abuse and later proneness to shame, and the phenomena of vicarious or "collective" experiences of shame and guilt. In recent years, the concept of moral emotions has been expanded to include several positive emotions-elevation, gratitude, and the sometimes morally relevant experience of pride. Finally, we discuss briefly a morally relevant emotional process-other-oriented empathy. Keywordsshame; guilt; pride; elevation; gratitude OVERVIEWWhat confluence of factors foster a moral life lived to the benefit of self and others? This review summarizes current theory and research on moral emotions, offering a framework for thinking about the ways in which morally relevant emotions may moderate the link between moral standards and moral decisions, and ultimately moral behavior.Living a moral, constructive life is defined by a weighted sum of countless individual, morally relevant behaviors enacted day in and day out (plus an occasional particularly selfdefining moment). As imperfect human beings, however, our behavior does not always bear a one-to-one correspondence to our moral standards.Many potential explanations exist for the discrepancy between behavioral decisions (intentions) and actual behavior in both moral and nonmoral domains. Historically, much social psychological theory and research was devoted to understanding the imperfect link between intentions (e.g., moral decisions) and behavior. Field theory, the very foundation of social psychology, highlights the variability of individual behavior as a function of

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Section: Hiding Versus Amendingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Hiding Versus Amendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral Emotions and Moral Behavior

Tangney

Stuewig

Mashek

2007

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

2,296

2,336

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Guilt, remorse, self-blame, and self-criticism not only increase risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors [20][21][22][23][24]; accumulating evidence suggests they explain the relationship of PTSD with suicide-related outcomes [22,25,26]. Guilt has also been found to be a risk factor for the later development of other trauma-related sequelae such as depression and substance use disorders [27][28][29][30][31], each of which serves as a suicide risk factor in its own right.…”

Section: Conceptualizing Suicidal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating PTSD Within the Context of Heightened Suicide Risk

Bryan

2016

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Because posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the few psychological conditions that predict suicidal behavior among those who think about suicide, many patients with PTSD present clinically with elevated suicide risk. Expert consensus and practice guidelines recommend against trauma-focused treatments for patients with elevated suicide risk, however. Research aimed at understanding the common mechanisms that underlie the association of PTSD and suicide risk has led to several advances in the effective care of suicidal patients diagnosed with PTSD. Based on these results, various combinations and sequences of suicide-focused treatments, risk management procedures, and trauma-focused treatments are implicated.

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“…J. Bryan, Ray-Sannerud, Morrow, & Etienne, 2013;Hendin & Haas, 1991) and suicide attempts (Hendin & Haas, 1991;Hyer, McCranie, Woods, & Boudewyns, 1990;Kubany et al, 1996) in military populations. Research further suggests that trauma-related guilt is a risk factor for the later development of depression, PTSD, and substance use disorders (Andrews, Brewin, Rose, & Kirk, 2000;Kim et al, 2011;Leskela, Dieperink, & Thuras, 2002;Marlatt & Gordon, 1985;Meehan, O'Connor, Berry, Weiss, & Acampora, 1996), suggesting that guilt may underlie a range of risk factors associated with suicide risk, and may even mediate the association of depression and PTSD with suicide risk. To date, however, no studies have tested this hypothesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Guilt as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depression and Posttraumatic Stress With Suicide Ideation in Two Samples of Military Personnel and Veterans

Bryan¹,

Roberge²,

Bryan³

et al. 2015

International Journal of Cognitive Therapy

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Depression, posttraumatic stress (PTS), and guilt have been implicated as risk factors for suicide ideation (SI) among military personnel and veterans. Conceptual and empirical work suggests that guilt may mediate the relationship of depression and PTS with SI. The current study explored this hypothesis in two cross-sectional samples of military personnel and veterans (n = 464 and n = 158). Path analyses showed good fit for both samples [Sample 1: χ 2 (1) = 2.18, p = .140; CFI = 1.00; RMSEA = .05; WRMR = .23; Sample 2: χ 2 (2) = 1.39, p = .499; CFI = 1.00; RMSEA = .00; SRMR = .02] and indicated that depression was indirectly related to SI through guilt for both samples (ps < .038). Furthermore, guilt partially mediated the relationship of PTS with SI (p = .033) in Sample 1 and fully mediated the relationship (p = .016) in Sample 2. The present findings suggest that guilt may be a mechanism for increased risk among suicidal military personnel and veterans with depression and PTS.

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Guilt, Shame, and Depression in Clients in Recovery from Addiction

Cited by 78 publications

References 41 publications

Moral Emotions and Moral Behavior

Moral Emotions and Moral Behavior

Treating PTSD Within the Context of Heightened Suicide Risk

Guilt as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depression and Posttraumatic Stress With Suicide Ideation in Two Samples of Military Personnel and Veterans

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