Guillain-Barre syndrome during COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of the reports

Abstract

Similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has neurological symptoms. COVID-19 patients have such clinical symptoms as headache, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, myalgia, anosmia, ageusia, and disorder of consciousness. These symptoms confirm that the nervous system is involved in the COVID-19 infection. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a heterogeneous disorder which often follows a viral infection. According to the assessment case reports from the beginning of the COVID-19 infection so far, it is possible that GBS is linked to the COVID-19 infection. It seems that paying attention to the neurological effects of COVID-19 is necessary.

Acute Polyneuropathy in an Outpatient Context During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Brief Case Serie Report

“…We present these five cases of an acute and mild peripheral and autonomic nervous system dysfunction probably due to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although several cases have been published [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], most of them are described in patients with severe forms of COVID-19 and the polyneuropathy is also a serious complication that required hospital admission and immunoglobulin treatment.…”

“…Most of them are severe polyneuropathies in a severe lower respiratory tract infection. Many of these patients required ventilatory support and immunoglobulin treatment [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Recent studies support the association between GBS and COVID-19 [10,11], although one analysis did not find this association [12].…”

COVID-19 and multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children: keep a high index of suspicion in all inflammatory disorders

“…The age of patients ranged from youngest 5 years to oldest 84-yearold. 9 Abdelhady et al reported 1 st case of transverse myelitis in a 52-year-old male patient with acute COVID-19 infection. 10 Our patient presented with flaccid symmetrical paralysis involving both lower limbs along with bladder and bowel involvement favoring clinical diagnosis of ATM though we could not further investigate her as the patient went LAMA.…”

“…Acute flaccid palsy as a manifestation of COVID-19 infection in acute stage and also as a late manifestation. [8][9][10] Curtis et al reported 1 st case of GBS with COVID-19 infection in a 8 year old child. 8 Review article by Rahimi highlighted possible link between GBS and COVID-19 infection from case reports around the word.…”

Guillain-Barre Syndrome Associated With COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report With Review of Literature

“…The other coronavirus (SARS-CoV and MERS) and Zika virus have also been associated with GBS [ 8 ]. Therefore, since the start of pandemic, many cases with close association between COVID-19 and GBS incidence have been reported worldwide [ 9 ]. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 and GBS (or other immune neurological conditions) can be linked to systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation mechanism in which there is a maladaptive immune response characterized by hyperactivity of innate immunity followed by immunosuppression [ 10 ].…”