Guillain-Barré syndrome as a complication of hypertensive basal ganglia haemorrhage

Joshi, Stuti; Musuka, Tapuwa

doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2019.02.018

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…T-lymphocytes and macrophages accumulate and induce the transformation of microglial cells into antigen-presenting cells. As such, myelin-associated proteins released from neuronal debris are presented to the immune system, and anti-myelin antibodies are formed, precipitating GBS [6,8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately two-thirds of GBS cases occur weeks after infection, which may be bacterial or viral [5]. Other etiologies include surgery, trauma, certain vaccines, and rarely head trauma and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) [6]. Several case studies show an association between ICH and GBS occurring in either sequence but with different pathogeneses [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Case Report: Rare Presentation of Intracranial Hemorrhage post Guillain Barré Syndrome

Halabi¹,

Shami²,

Hijazi³

et al. 2020

Int J Clin Res

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Background: Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease where antibodies attack the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves. The hallmark of the disease includes symmetrical quadriparesis, respiratory distress, and failure with subsequent need for mechanical ventilation. Most cases occur after a viral or bacterial infection. Other causes, such as intracranial hemorrhage, also exist, and several case studies report an association between these two pathologies. Case Report: In this report, we present the case of an elderly male patient with intracranial (IC) bleeding post-GBS. The patient was admitted to the hospital for dyspnea and diagnosed with pneumonia. When he started complaining of progressive bilateral ascending paralysis of his lower extremities, we performed a lumbar puncture, and he was diagnosed with GBS. We started him on intravenous immune globulins (IVIGs) immediately, but his weakness progressed to include his respiratory muscles, and he required mechanical ventilatory support with Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. We extubated him after two weeks, but he needed to be reintubated 24 hours later for a severely decreased level of consciousness. An urgent computed tomography scan of the brain showed IC bleeding. The patient developed a septic shock due to his pneumonia, which was refractory to antibiotics and vasopressors. He passed away a few weeks after that. Conclusion: Our case represents a unique type of association between IC hemorrhages and GBS, where the bleeding occurred several days after, as opposed to before GBS. It also reinforces the correlation between GBS and Intracranial bleeding and stresses the importance of having a high index of suspicion when facing either pathology since both have similar symptoms that may overlap or mask each other.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%