Guillain–Barré Syndrome—A Classical Autoimmune Disease Triggered by Infection or Vaccination

Israeli, Eitan; Agmon‐Levin, Nancy; Blank, Miri; Chapman, Joab; Shoenfeld, Yehuda

doi:10.1007/s12016-010-8213-3

Cited by 101 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Although vaccines rarely trigger autoimmunity, it has been reported to occur in susceptible individuals (21). Thus, we, like others, hypothesized that Pandemrix vaccination could induce autoantibodies against the Hcrt/Orx-producing neurons residing in the lateral hypothalamus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

Narcolepsy patients have antibodies that stain distinct cell populations in rat brain and influence sleep patterns

Bergman

Ádori

Vas

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder, likely with an autoimmune component. During 2009 and 2010, a link between A(H1N1)pdm09 Pandemrix vaccination and onset of narcolepsy was suggested in Scandinavia. In this study, we searched for autoantibodies related to narcolepsy using a neuroanatomical array: rat brain sections were processed for immunohistochemistry/double labeling using patient sera/cerebrospinal fluid as primary antibodies. Sera from 89 narcoleptic patients, 52 patients with other sleep-related disorders (OSRDs), and 137 healthy controls were examined. Three distinct patterns of immunoreactivity were of particular interest: pattern A, hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone and proopiomelanocortin but not hypocretin/orexin neurons; pattern B, GABAergic cortical interneurons; and pattern C, mainly globus pallidus neurons. Altogether, 24 of 89 (27%) narcoleptics exhibited pattern A or B or C. None of the patterns were exclusive for narcolepsy but were also detected in the OSRD group at significantly lower numbers. Also, some healthy controls exhibited these patterns. The antigen of pattern A autoantibodies was identified as the common C-terminal epitope of neuropeptide glutamic acidisoleucine/α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NEI/αMSH) peptides. Passive transfer experiments on rat showed significant effects of pattern A human IgGs on rapid eye movement and slow-wave sleep time parameters in the inactive phase and EEG θ-power in the active phase. We suggest that NEI/αMSH autoantibodies may interfere with the fine regulation of sleep, contributing to the complex pathogenesis of narcolepsy and OSRDs. Also, patterns B and C are potentially interesting, because recent data suggest a relevance of those brain regions/neuron populations in the regulation of sleep/arousal.arcolepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by irresistible daytime sleepiness (hypersomnia) and disturbed nocturnal sleep. Narcolepsy can be divided into two types: narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC) and narcolepsy without cataplexy. A typical feature of NC is sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by emotions (cataplexy). Other symptoms of narcolepsy are, for example, hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations and sleep paralyses (1). The age of onset is usually around 12-16 y of age, but the disease is often diagnosed several years later (1). It affects ∼25-50 per 100,000 individuals, and the yearly incidence rate has been estimated to be around 1 per 100,000 person-y (2). Narcolepsy has a major negative impact on the quality of life, afflicting both physical and mental parameters (3). A major hallmark of narcolepsy (mostly NC) is the loss of hypocretin-1/ orexin-A (Hcrt/Orx), a neuropeptide hormone initially discovered independently by two groups (4, 5), by either a destruction of the orexinergic neurons or a selective down-regulation of Hcrt/Orx expression (6, 7). Consequently, a typical feature of NC is low levels (<110 pg/mL) of Hcrt/Orx peptide in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (1).The causes of the loss of Hcrt/Orx and narcolep...

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confidence: 66%

Narcolepsy patients have antibodies that stain distinct cell populations in rat brain and influence sleep patterns

Bergman

Ádori

Vas

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Poropatich et al (2010) present data indicating that 31 % of 2,502 GBS cases studied were due to Campylobacter infection. Israeli et al (2012) have recently reviewed the Guillain-Barré syndrome. A particularly severe form of GBS, acute motor axonal neuropathy, occurs in seasonal epidemics among children in rural China (Ho TW et al 1995).…”

Section: The Family Campylobacteraceaementioning

confidence: 99%

The Family Campylobacteraceae

Lastovica¹,

On²,

Zhang³

2014

The Prokaryotes

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“…It is globally accepted that GBS is an immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy affecting both the myelin sheath and axons, in which cellular and humoral immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease [4]. Serum anti-ganglioside antibodies represent a major player in the induction and perpetuation of GBS pathology [5] and are associated with a preceding infection, vaccination, or exposure to toxic substances [6]. The most common pathogen associated with GBS is Campylobacter jejuni [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common subphenotypes of GBS are acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) [4,6]. Overall, the clinical course, severity, and outcomes of GBS are highly variable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guillain–Barré syndrome in Colombia: where do we stand now?

Mahecha

Ojeda²,

Vega³

et al. 2016

Immunol Res

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Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rapid-onset muscle weakness disease caused by the immune-mediated damage of the peripheral nervous system. Since there is an increase incidence of GBS cases in Latin America, particularly in Colombia, and most of them are currently preceded by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, we aimed to assess the available evidence of the disease in Colombia through a systematic literature review. Out of 51 screened abstracts, only 16 corresponded to articles that met inclusion criteria, of which 15 were case reports or case series. A total of 796 cases of GBS were reported in the included articles. The majority of patients were males (66.8 %) and younger than 50 years old (94 %). An infectious disease before the onset of GBS was registered in 31 % of patients, with gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms being the most frequently observed. In those cases in which electrodiagnostic tests were performed, the most common subphenotype was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (17 %). Death was reported in 15 % of patients. Data regarding GBS in Colombia is scant and heterogeneous. Taking into account the burden of the disease and the recent rise of GBS cases associated with ZIKV, a careful patient evaluation and a systematic collection of data are warranted. A form to data gathering is proposed.

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Guillain–Barré Syndrome—A Classical Autoimmune Disease Triggered by Infection or Vaccination

Cited by 101 publications

References 82 publications

Narcolepsy patients have antibodies that stain distinct cell populations in rat brain and influence sleep patterns

Narcolepsy patients have antibodies that stain distinct cell populations in rat brain and influence sleep patterns

The Family Campylobacteraceae

Guillain–Barré syndrome in Colombia: where do we stand now?

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