Guilds in Insect Galls: Who is Who

Luz, Fernando Albuquerque; Júnior, Milton de Souza Mendonça

doi:10.1653/024.102.0133

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Among different ways of producing networks, bipartite quantitative strategies have been preferred, in which measurements of individual interaction strength allow for more complex topological patterns to be detected, while still focusing on only two trophic levels or guilds of interacting species (Blüthgen et al, 2008). Although galls are a useful system offering a relatively easy way of producing interaction studies (with a gamut of interactions with galler and gall occurring, such as parasitoidism, inquilinism, and cecidophagy, Luz & Mendonça Jr, 2019) and networks are feasible ways to generate and test hypotheses on natural community structure for most herbivore insects (Morris et al, 2004), work on trophic networks of galling insects, and their parasitoids are still quite rare. For example, the first tropical study specifically quantifying the network of parasitoids associated to gallers of a given site was published only a decade ago (Paniagua et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What drives gallers and parasitoids interacting on a host plant? A network approach revealing morphological coupling as the main factor

Luz

Goetz

Mendonça

2020

Ecological Entomology

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1. Ecological interaction networks, those built from linking interacting species in a biological community, can be structured according to neutral factors, like abundance, or depend on species distribution in space, time, or functional aspects of interacting species. 2. Gall inducers are a specialized guild of herbivores producing a structure serving as shelter, food, and defence against natural enemies. Interactions between galling insects and their parasitoids can become complex; studies analysing processes influencing how these interactions occur are uncommon. 3. We tested for ecological processes predictive of network structure: neutral (abundance), temporal, or morphological coupling factors. 4. We used a single host plant, and six Cecidomyiidae species from subtropical forests of southern Brazil. There were 14 samples across two years; out of 1762 galls, 741 parasitoids emerged (45 species). The network had high specialization (39 exclusive parasitoid species) and low connectance (21%). 5. Gall-parasitoid morphological coupling (gall thickness vs. parasitoid ovipositor length) was the best factor explaining network structure, with little effect for time, or abundances. Modularity was significant, with two modules, one with only Pisphondylia brasiliensis and its parasitoids. This insect induces thick multichambered galls with the lowest parasitism rate, attacked by parasitoids with longer ovipositors. Thinner galls had higher parasitism rates and more attacking parasitoid species, implying an important adaptive role for gall shape/size in natural enemy interactions. 6. Interaction networks are important tools to help understand how ecological function impacts community structure, but higher-scale studies may be needed to reach more encompassing conclusions about galler-parasitoid interactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What drives gallers and parasitoids interacting on a host plant? A network approach revealing morphological coupling as the main factor

Luz

Goetz

Mendonça

2020

Ecological Entomology

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“…The inquilines associated with the galls on H. martiana, Ocotea lancifolia, and Annona leptopetala belonged to the Hemiptera and Thysanoptera, while, the fauna of successors was composed of Collembola. In addition to galling insects, these associated fauna to galls demonstrate that the structure is important for nutrition or shelter of other organism guild in insect galls (Luz and Mendonça 2019) in the gallery forest in Bahia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Insect galls and their host plants in gallery forest in Bahia State, Brazil

et al. 2020

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Inventories of insect galls in gallery forests in Northeastern Brazil have been quite infrequent, and the richness of gallinducing insects in that vegetation type has been little unknown. To contribute to our knowledge of galls, galling insects, and their host plants from gallery forest habitats in Northeastern Brazil, we documented and characterized the macroscopic aspects of the galls, identified the plant hosts and their endemism level and surveyed the associated fauna in an area of gallery forest in Caetité, Bahia State. We found 30 different gall morphotypes on 20 host plant species belonging to 17 genera and 13 families. The main host families of galls were Leguminosae and Myrtaceae with ten and four morphotypes, respectively. Most galls occurred on leaves and were globoid, green, glabrous, and grouped. Most of the gall-inducing insect species found belonged to Diptera (Cecidomyiidae) and Coleoptera, while the associated fauna was represented by Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Collembola, and Thysanoptera. We recorded galls the first time on six plant species. These results reinforce the importance of gall inventories in gallery forest areas not yet examined to better understand gall richness, galling insects, and their host plants in that vegetation type.

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“…In this review, the cecidophage guild was easily determined based on the five criteria proposed by Luz and Mendonça-Júnior (2017). On the other hand, some conceptual problems were faced in determining inquilines and kleptoparasites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sixteen publications about galls in Brazilian restingas were found and examined. Eight of the publications provided data on inquilinous fauna, which were retrieved, compiled and analyzed, following the criteria established by Luz and Mendonça-Júnior (2017). The new positioning of associated fauna among guilds was based on literature data, as well as on unpublished biological information obtained from laboratory works, including gall arthropod rearing, gall dissection and observation of gall tissues and gall dweller behavior.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mani (1964), Godfray (1994), and Mound and Morris (2000) provided tools for distinguishing among these guilds, but none of them used multiple non-superposed parameters. Luz and Mendonça-Júnior (2017) proposed five interaction parameters to conceptualize and differentiate inquilines, cecidophages and kleptoparasites from each other: food habit; coexistence with the inducer; modification of gall tissues or production of new tissues; phylogenetic relationship with the inducer; and mobility. According to these authors, inquilines are exclusively phytophagous, coexist with the gall-inducer, modify gall tissues or stimulate production of new tissues, have a close phylogenetic relationship with the inducer and are sedentary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the inquilinous fauna associated with insect galls in Brazilian restingas

Maia

2022

Braz. J. Biol.

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Several records of associated fauna, including parasitoids, inquilines, predators, and successors, have been reported by insect gall inventories in Brazilian restingas. Although most guilds are well established, inquilines have frequently been misinterpreted. In this paper, the inquilinous fauna of insect galls is revised based on five criteria: food habit; coexistence with the inducer; modification of gall tissues or production of new tissues; phylogenetic relationship with the inducer; and mobility. Gall inventories dated from 1988 to 2019 were examined, totaling 16 publications, eight of them with inquiline records. This guild was reported in 53 gall morphotypes in 44 plant species and four morphospecies distributed among 36 genera of 24 host families for a total of 65 records. Most inquilines were repositioned into the cecidophage guild and others into the kleptoparasite guild, resulting in a large reduction in the frequency of inquilines (from 65 to five records), and in first reports of cecidophages and kleptoparasites, with 46 and 13 records, respectively. Cecidophage was the most diverse guild with insects of five orders (Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Thysanoptera) while kleptoparasites were represented only by two orders (Diptera and Hymenoptera) and inquiline solely by Hymenoptera. Other results indicate that Leptothorax sp. (Formicidae) could be a successor and not an inquiline.

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Guilds in Insect Galls: Who is Who

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Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

What drives gallers and parasitoids interacting on a host plant? A network approach revealing morphological coupling as the main factor

What drives gallers and parasitoids interacting on a host plant? A network approach revealing morphological coupling as the main factor

Insect galls and their host plants in gallery forest in Bahia State, Brazil

Review of the inquilinous fauna associated with insect galls in Brazilian restingas

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