Guidelines on gamma irradiation of blood components for the prevention of transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease

Chapman, J. F.; Finney, R.; Kelsey, P R; Napier, J. A. F.; Phillips, P. K.; Mitchell, R.; Murphy, M. F.; Waters, A. H.; Wood, J. K.; Williamson, Lorna M.; Baglin, Trevor; Copplestone, Adrian; Dendy, P P; Forman, K.; Gibson, Brenda; Knowles, Sue; Morgan, Graeme; Norfolk, D. R.; Richards, Alexander; Todd, Alexander D.; Warwick, Ruth M.; Webb, David

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1996.tb00078.x

Cited by 154 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The irradiation of cells can be used to help minimize the risk of GVHD in adoptive immunotherapy settings [12]. The irradiation irreversibly damages the DNA of the leukocytes, preventing their cell division without killing the cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of sex, MHC, and age of recipients on the therapeutic effect of transferred leukocytes from cancer-resistant SR/CR mice

et al. 2009

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BackgroundSpontaneous Regression/Complete Resistant (SR/CR) mice are resistant to cancer through a mechanism that is mediated entirely by leukocytes of innate immunity. Transfer of leukocytes from SR/CR mice can confer cancer resistance in wild-type (WT) recipients in both preventative and therapeutic settings. In the current studies, we investigated factors that may impact the efficacy and functionality of SR/CR donor leukocytes in recipients.ResultsIn sex-mismatched transfers, functionality of female donor leukocytes was not affected in male recipients. In contrast, male donor leukocytes were greatly affected in the female recipients. In MHC-mismatches, recipients of different MHC backgrounds, or mice of different strains, showed a greater negative impact on donor leukocytes than sex-mismatches. The negative effects of sex-mismatch and MHC-mismatch on donor leukocytes were additive. Old donor leukocytes performed worse than young donor leukocytes in all settings including in young recipients. Young recipients were not able to revive the declining function of old donor leukocytes. However, the function of young donor leukocytes declined gradually in old recipients, suggesting that an aged environment may contain factors that are deleterious to cellular functions. The irradiation of donor leukocytes prior to transfers had a profound suppressive effect on donor leukocyte functions, possibly as a result of impaired transcription. The cryopreserving of donor leukocytes in liquid nitrogen had no apparent effect on donor leukocyte functions, except for a small loss of cell number after revival from freezing.ConclusionDespite the functional suppression of donor leukocytes in sex- and MHC-mismatched recipients, as well as old recipients, there was a therapeutic time period during the initial few weeks during which donor leukocytes were functional before their eventual rejection or functional decline. The eventual rejection of donor leukocytes will likely prevent donor leukocyte engraftment which would help minimize the risk of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Therefore, using leukocytes from healthy donors with high anti-cancer activity may be a feasible therapeutic concept for treating malignant diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of sex, MHC, and age of recipients on the therapeutic effect of transferred leukocytes from cancer-resistant SR/CR mice

et al. 2009

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“…There is no effective treatment for TA-GvHD, and the irradiation of cellular blood components prior to transfusion has been the only proven method of preventing this reaction. [16] Gamma and X-rays, both representing ionizing radiation, damage DNA T lymphocytes and arrest responses to allogeneic cells. [17] Thus, these lymphocytes are unable to proliferate in the host and therefore cannot mediate TA-GvHD proliferate in the host and therefore cannot mediate TA-GvHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of T-lymphocytes in Blood Samples Using X-ray of Two Different Energies

Alqasim

Seah

Kadhim

2016

Int J of Biomed & Adv Res

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In this research the effect of X-ray with two different energies (6&10) MeV on the number of T-cells in whole blood samples collected from 50 donors (only men) was studied. Blood samples were exposed to (0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40) Gray doses of X-rays. The absolute lymphocytes number (Lym), T-cell % and T-cell number) were measured before and after irradiation, then the reduction of each value was calculated. By making comparison between the effects of two energies, it was observed that the use of X-rays 6MeV is more useful because T-cell number reduced with increasing the doses more than when using X-ray 10Mev.

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“…Moreover, it renders T-lymphocytes incapable of replication without affecting the function of RBCs, granulocytes, and platelets. The irradiation can be performed using a dedicated blood irradiation device based on Cesium-137 [3] or a Cobalt-60 source, or else an X-ray device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on the radiosensitivity of T cells to X-rays and to gamma rays have shown that a minimum dose of 25 Gy is necessary to prevent TA-GVHD [3-6]. Moreover, the dose must not exceed 50 Gy in order to avoid harming the function or decreasing the life span of red blood cells, platelets or granulocytes [3,7-10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of a new cost efficacy method for blood irradiation using a non dedicated device

Pinnarò¹,

Soriani

D'Alessio

et al. 2011

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

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ObjectivesTo implement a new cost efficacy internal Service for blood component irradiation, we carried out specific procedures and quality assurance reports using the linear accelerators (LINACs) of the Regina Elena Institute (IRE) Radiotherapy Department instead of a dedicated device.MethodsThe technical aspects, quality assurance and regulatory requirements of the internal procedure to set up a local irradiated blood bank have been defined. The LINACs of the IRE Radiotherapy Department were used to deliver a mean dose of 32 Gy and dose accuracy was checked with gafchromic film. The overall time/cost of this procedure was compared with the previous procedure, out-sourcing the irradiation of blood components.ResultsA total of 1996 blood component units were internally irradiated in the first year. Moreover, reducing the overall procedure time by a third. Overall cost/bag of external and internal procedures was approx. 66 € and 11 €, respectively. Thus the average saving of cost/bag was higher than 80%. The use of gafchromic films in all irradiated blood component bags allowed the accuracy of the dose delivered to blood to be checked.ConclusionsBy utilizing LINACs installed in the Radiotherapy Department it is possible to provide an internal blood component irradiation service, capitalizing on internal resources without any inconvenience/discomfort to patients undergoing radiotherapy and satisfying governmental regulatory requirements. The internal irradiation procedures has proven to be safe and feasible, and along with the significant cost/time reduction suggests that it is more advantageous than external procedures.

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Guidelines on gamma irradiation of blood components for the prevention of transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease

Cited by 154 publications

References 9 publications

Impact of sex, MHC, and age of recipients on the therapeutic effect of transferred leukocytes from cancer-resistant SR/CR mice

Impact of sex, MHC, and age of recipients on the therapeutic effect of transferred leukocytes from cancer-resistant SR/CR mice

Reduction of T-lymphocytes in Blood Samples Using X-ray of Two Different Energies

Implementation of a new cost efficacy method for blood irradiation using a non dedicated device

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