Guidelines for the Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Flood Emergency Response

Salmoral, Gloria; Casado, Mónica Rivas; Muthusamy, Manoranjan; Butler, David; Menon, Prathyush P.; Leinster, Paul

doi:10.3390/w12020521

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…This can be similar to other ground topographical measurements used with photogrammetric techniques to estimate accurate cross-sectional measurements which are less expensive and time-demanding [52,53]. To forecast a landslide or flash flood, larger areas has to be considered as was mentioned by recent investigations including sensors and UAVs [54,55]. This requires a fixed-wing aircraft with a larger range than a rotary-wing aircraft.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Automotive Radar in a UAV to Assess Earth Surface Processes and Land Responses

Weber

Eichel-Streiber

Rodrigo‐Comino

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in earth science research has drastically increased during the last decade. The reason being innumerable advantages to detecting and monitoring various environmental processes before and after certain events such as rain, wind, flood, etc. or to assess the current status of specific landforms such as gullies, rills, or ravines. The UAV equipped sensors are a key part to success. Besides commonly used sensors such as cameras, radar sensors are another possibility. They are less known for this application, but already well established in research. A vast number of research projects use professional radars, but they are expensive and difficult to handle. Therefore, the use of low-cost radar sensors is becoming more relevant. In this article, to make the usage of radar simpler and more efficient, we developed with automotive radar technology. We introduce basic radar techniques and present two radar sensors with their specifications. To record the radar data, we developed a system with an integrated camera and sensors. The weight of the whole system is about 315 g for the small radar and 450 g for the large one. The whole system was integrated into a UAV and test flights were performed. After that, several flights were carried out, to verify the system with both radar sensors. Thereby, the records provide an insight into the radar data. We demonstrated that the recording system works and the radar sensors are suitable for the usage in a UAV and future earth science research because of its autonomy, precision, and lightweight.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Automotive Radar in a UAV to Assess Earth Surface Processes and Land Responses

Weber

Eichel-Streiber

Rodrigo‐Comino

et al. 2020

Sensors

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show abstract

“…In addition to the aforementioned applications, UASs constitute the most efficient and fastest tool for situational awareness in disaster management, not only providing accurate and spatially detailed hydrologic information during flooding events, but also enabling to identify safe shelter points, detect stranded people and damaged properties and to define future action strategies [110,111].…”

Section: Flood Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) in Hydrology: A Review

et al. 2021

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In less than two decades, UASs (unmanned aerial systems) have revolutionized the field of hydrology, bridging the gap between traditional satellite observations and ground-based measurements and allowing the limitations of manned aircraft to be overcome. With unparalleled spatial and temporal resolutions and product-tailoring possibilities, UAS are contributing to the acquisition of large volumes of data on water bodies, submerged parameters and their interactions in different hydrological contexts and in inaccessible or hazardous locations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of 122 works on the applications of UASs in surface water and groundwater research with a purpose-oriented approach. Concretely, the review addresses: (i) the current applications of UAS in surface and groundwater studies, (ii) the type of platforms and sensors mainly used in these tasks, (iii) types of products generated from UAS-borne data, (iv) the associated advantages and limitations, and (v) knowledge gaps and future prospects of UASs application in hydrology. The first aim of this review is to serve as a reference or introductory document for all researchers and water managers who are interested in embracing this novel technology. The second aim is to unify in a single document all the possibilities, potential approaches and results obtained by different authors through the implementation of UASs.

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“…The emergency response process needs the capacities and knowledge developed by government in response to existing hazard conditions or incidents [6]. The main objectives of the emergency response are the reconstruction of disrupted services (e.g., transport, water, electricity), the mitigation of suffering, and the preservation of human life [13].…”

Section: Literature Review 21 Emergency Response To Remote Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport Airships for Scheduled Supply and Emergency Response in the Arctic

Prentice

Lau

2021

Sustainability

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As climate change progresses, the Arctic Ocean creates opportunities for new resource development and navigation routes. Such economic opportunities are attractive, but carry with them an increased risk of accidents and oil spills. Existing methods of emergency response face enormous challenges in the Arctic because of its lack of transportation infrastructure and support services. Cargo airships offer a practical solution. Many airship designs are proposed that can carry over 30 tons, travel long distances at 150 km per hour, and land close to the emergency site. However, it is difficult to justify the economics of having enough capacity waiting and available to be marshaled in response to infrequent events. One solution is to develop a synergy with a new civilian cargo airship industry that can serve the regular transport needs of remote communities and mining operations. Through contingency contracts with these civilian operations, the Government of Canada could stretch its budgets and have access to the latest airship models and trained crews at locations across the Arctic. This paper gives valuable insight into the development of cargo airships. Advances in technology that make cargo airships a practical option in the 21st century are reviewed, and five competing airship designs are discussed. A case study of an existing rare earth mine proposal is used to illustrate the cost comparison of roads versus airships that could provide contingency services.

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Guidelines for the Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Flood Emergency Response

Cited by 39 publications

References 49 publications

Automotive Radar in a UAV to Assess Earth Surface Processes and Land Responses

Automotive Radar in a UAV to Assess Earth Surface Processes and Land Responses

Applications of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) in Hydrology: A Review

Transport Airships for Scheduled Supply and Emergency Response in the Arctic

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