Guidelines for the measurement of vascular function and structure in isolated arteries and veins

Wenceslau, Camilla F; Earley, Scott; England, Sarah K.; Filosa, Jessica A.; Goulopoulou, Styliani; Gutterman, David D.; Isakson, Brant E.; Kanagy, Nancy L.; Martinez‐Lemus, Luis A.; Sonkusare, Swapnil K.; Thakore, Pratish; Trask, Aaron J.; Watts, Stephanie W.; Webb, R. Clinton

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01021.2020

Cited by 81 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Carotid vasodilation is based more on hyperpolarization than eNOS activity [ 37 ]. If EPICAT mainly works on eNOS-regulated vasodilation, as suggested by previous studies [ 14 , 16 , 18 , 19 , 36 ], that would also explain the muted response observed in carotid vessels; the tissue limitations of carotid did not allow us to measure eNOS activity or other signaling events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(–)-Epicatechin Improves Vasoreactivity and Mitochondrial Respiration in Thermoneutral-Housed Wistar Rat Vasculature

Chun¹,

Henckel

Knaub

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health concern. Vascular dysfunction is an aspect of CVD, and novel treatments targeting vascular physiology are necessary. In the endothelium, eNOS regulates vasodilation and mitochondrial function; both are disrupted in CVD. (–)-Epicatechin, a botanical compound known for its vasodilatory, eNOS, and mitochondrial-stimulating properties, is a potential therapy in those with CVD. We hypothesized that (–)-epicatechin would support eNOS activity and mitochondrial respiration, leading to improved vasoreactivity in a thermoneutral-derived rat model of vascular dysfunction. We housed Wistar rats at room temperature or in thermoneutral conditions for a total of 16 week and treated them with 1mg/kg body weight (–)-epicatechin for 15 day. Vasoreactivity, eNOS activity, and mitochondrial respiration were measured, in addition to the protein expression of upstream cellular signaling molecules including AMPK and CaMKII. We observed a significant improvement of vasodilation in those housed in thermoneutrality and treated with (–)-epicatechin (p < 0.05), as well as dampened mitochondrial respiration (p < 0.05). AMPK and CaMKIIα and β expression were lessened with (–)-epicatechin treatment in those housed at thermoneutrality (p < 0.05). The opposite was observed with animals housed at room temperature supplemented with (–)-epicatechin. These data illustrate a context-dependent vascular response to (–)-epicatechin, a candidate for CVD therapeutic development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(–)-Epicatechin Improves Vasoreactivity and Mitochondrial Respiration in Thermoneutral-Housed Wistar Rat Vasculature

Chun¹,

Henckel

Knaub

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…All arteries and segments were bathed in 37°C Krebs buffer with 5% CO 2 and 95% O 2 throughout the experiment. Mesenteric resistance arteries were normalized to a lumen diameter optimal for tension development and aortic segments were set to a passive force of 30 mN and allowed to stabilize for 30 minutes, as described previously and recommended ( 33 , 34 ). All arteries and segments were initially contracted with KCl (120 mmol/L).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate is an autophagy-dependent vasodilator

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Autophagy has long been associated with longevity and it is well established that autophagy reverts and prevents vascular deterioration associated with aging and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, our understanding of how autophagy benefits the vasculature is centered on the premise that reduced autophagy leads to the accumulation of cellular debris resulting in inflammation and oxidative stress, which are then reversed by reconstitution or upregulation of autophagic activity. Evolutionarily, autophagy also functions to mobilize endogenous nutrients in response to starvation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the biosynthesis of the most physiologically abundant ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), would be autophagy dependent, and exert vasodilatory effects via its canonical receptor, Gpr109a. We have revealed for the first time that the biosynthesis of βHB can be impaired by preventing autophagy. Subsequently, βHB caused potent vasodilation via potassium-channels, but not Gpr109a. Finally, we observed that chronic consumption of a high salt diet negatively regulates both βHB biosynthesis and hepatic autophagy, and that reconstitution of βHB bioavailability prevents high salt diet-induced endothelial dysfunction. In summary, this work offers an alternative mechanism to the antiinflammatory and anti-oxidative stress hypothesis of autophagy-dependent vasculoprotection. Furthermore, it reveals a direct mechanism, by which ketogenic interventions (e.g., intermittent fasting) improve vascular health.

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“…Third order mesenteric arteries (∼250 µm in diameter) were isolated from 6 month old male rats and placed in calciumfree physiological saline solution (PSS) (in mM: 130 NaCl, 4.7 KCl, 1.18 KH 2 PO 4 , 1.17 MgSO 4 , 24.9 NaHCO 3 , 5.5 glucose, 0.026 EDTA; pH 7.4). Mesenteric rings (with PVAT either attached or removed) were cut to a length of 1.8 mm and mounted in a prewarmed (37 (11,12). The vessels were then prepared for experimentation using a "wake-up" protocol in which the tissue was contracted with physiological saline containing high potassium (KPSS) (in mM: 74.7 NaCl, 60 KCl, 1.18 KH 2 PO 4 , 1.17 MgSO 4 , 24.0 NaHCO 3 , 5.5 glucose, 0.026 EDTA, 1.6 CaCl 2 ) and then washed three times.…”

Section: Vasomotor Responses In Third Order Mesenteric Arteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal of the present study was to determine whether prenatal methamphetamine alters vascular function in adult offspring. In light of recent studies demonstrating that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone (11)(12)(13)(14), the impact of prenatal methamphetamine was investigated both in the presence and absence of PVAT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine Causes Vascular Dysfunction in Adult Male Rat Offspring

Chavva

Belcher

Brazeau

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Methamphetamine use during pregnancy can have negative consequences on the offspring. However, most studies investigating the impact of prenatal exposure to methamphetamine have focused on behavioral and neurological outcomes. Relatively little is known regarding the impact of prenatal methamphetamine on the adult cardiovascular system. This study investigated the impact of chronic fetal exposure to methamphetamine on vascular function in adult offspring. Pregnant female rats received daily saline or methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) injections starting on gestational day 1 and continuing until the pups were born. Vascular function was assessed in 5 month old offspring. Prenatal methamphetamine significantly decreased both the efficacy and potency of acetylcholine-induced relaxation in isolated male (but not female) aortas when perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) remained intact. However, prenatal methamphetamine had no impact on acetylcholine-induced relaxation when PVAT was removed. Nitroprusside-induced relaxation of the aorta was unaffected by prenatal methamphetamine. Angiotensin II-induced contractile responses were significantly potentiated in male (but not female) aortas regardless of the presence of PVAT. This effect was reversed by L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Serotonin- and phenylephrine-induced contraction were unaffected by prenatal methamphetamine. Prenatal methamphetamine had no impact on acetylcholine-induced relaxation of third order mesenteric arteries and no effect on basal blood pressure. These data provide evidence that prenatal exposure to methamphetamine sex-dependently alters vasomotor function in the vasculature and may increase the risk of developing vascular disorders later in adult life.

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Guidelines for the measurement of vascular function and structure in isolated arteries and veins

Cited by 81 publications

References 131 publications

(–)-Epicatechin Improves Vasoreactivity and Mitochondrial Respiration in Thermoneutral-Housed Wistar Rat Vasculature

(–)-Epicatechin Improves Vasoreactivity and Mitochondrial Respiration in Thermoneutral-Housed Wistar Rat Vasculature

Ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate is an autophagy-dependent vasodilator

Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine Causes Vascular Dysfunction in Adult Male Rat Offspring

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