Guidelines for the Direct Detection of<i>Anaplasma</i>spp. in Diagnosis and Epidemiological Studies

Silaghi, Cornelia; Santos, Ana Sofia; Gomes, Jacinto; Christova, Iva; Matei, Ioana Adriana; Walder, Gernot; Domingos, Ana; Bell‐Sakyi, Lesley; Sprong, Hein; Loewenich, Friederike D. von; Oteo, José A.; Fuente, José de la; Dumler, J. Stephen

doi:10.1089/vbz.2016.1960

Cited by 71 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 85 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Cattle can be infected by several Anaplasma species, like A. marginale , A. phagocytophilum , A. centrale and A. bovis (Silaghi et al . ). A. marginale is known to be highly pathogenic in cattle, whereas A. centrale is less virulent and is being used for immunization against anaplasmosis (Aubry & Geale ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The genus Ehrlichia contains six recognized species: Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, E. muris, E. ruminantium and E. minasensis (Cabezas-Cruz et al 2016). The currently recognized six species in the genus Anaplasma are Anaplasma phagocytophilum which cause human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), A. platys, A. marginale, A. bovis, A. ovis, A. capra and A. odocoilei (Dumler et al 2001;Ndip et al 2010;Tate et al 2013;Li et al 2015;Silaghi et al 2017). Ixodid ticks maintain different Anaplasma species in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human, these diseases are characterized by fever, headache, chills and muscle aches within two weeks of the tick bite which is often accompanied by thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and elevated levels of hepatic enzymes in the blood (Ismail et al 2010). Cattle can be infected by several Anaplasma species, like A. marginale, A. phagocytophilum, A. centrale and A. bovis (Silaghi et al 2017). A. marginale is known to be highly pathogenic in cattle, whereas A. centrale is less virulent and is being used for immunization against anaplasmosis (Aubry & Geale 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Molecular characterization of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia in ixodid ticks and reservoir hosts from Palestine: a pilot survey

Zaid

Ereqat

Nasereddin

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tick‐borne anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis are clinically important emerging zoonoses usually overlooked by veterinarians and physicians alike. This study aimed at detecting and genetically characterizing Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species in ixodid ticks and their animal hosts from the West Bank, Palestine. A total of 723 ixodid ticks belonging to three genera ( Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis ) were collected from dogs, sheep, goats and camels. In addition, 189 blood samples were collected from dogs, sheep, camels, horses and a goat from the West Bank, Palestine. All tick and blood samples were investigated for the presence of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia targeting a 345 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene followed by sequence analysis. The infection rate of Anaplasma spp. in ticks was 6.5% (47/723). Anaplasma platys was identified in 28% (13/47) of them. Whereas, based on a partial sequence (851 bp) of msp4 gene, 38% (18/47) were identified as A. ovis . The species of the remaining 16 positive samples (16/47, 34%) could not be identified. Simultaneously, the infection rate of Ehrlichia spp. in the ticks was 0.6% (4/723). Three of which were E. canis and one was Ehrlichia spp. The infection rate of A. platys in dogs’ blood samples was 10% (13/135), while it was 1.5% (2/135) for E. canis . The infection rate of Anaplasma in sheep blood samples was 40% (19/47), out of which 26% (5/19) were caused by A. ovis as revealed by msp4 ‐ PCR . Implementation of purely‐spatial analysis by sa TS can for all cases of Anaplasma revealed two statistically significant clusters in two districts; Tubas town and Majdal‐Bani‐Fadil village on the western hills of the Jordan Valley. Most cases of Anaplasma (83%) were from rural areas where life cycle components (vector, host and reservoir) abundantly interact. This study is the first in Palestine to reveal the presence of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia in ticks, dogs and sheep providing crucial platform for future epidemiological surveys and control strategies in the country and region.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular characterization of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia in ixodid ticks and reservoir hosts from Palestine: a pilot survey

Zaid

Ereqat

Nasereddin

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bovine congenital transmission was reported for A. phagocytophilum [12], which has been recognized as a zoonotic agent [8,13]. The severity of symptoms depends on several host factors such as its immune status and possible coinfections by other pathogens [13]. Symptoms occur after a latency period i.e., progressive anemia due to multiplication of A. marginale or A. centrale within mature erythrocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Bovine Anaplasmosis in Egypt

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease with zoonotic potential, caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Anaplasma marginale. The disease is distributed worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. The economic losses from anaplasmosis in animals is of significant importance because it causes severe morbidity and mortality in cattle. Recovered animals may become persistent carriers. Epidemiological information on the actual status of bovine anaplasmosis in Egypt is scarce. Thus, this study aimed to determine anti-Anaplasma antibody and DNA in serum samples using ELISA and PCR, respectively. In total, 758 bovine sera were collected from cattle farms located in 24 Egyptian governorates in 2015 to 2016. Sera were analyzed with the commercially available ‘Anaplasma antibody competitive ELISA v2’ kit and ‘AmpliTest Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. real time TaqMan TM PCR. Anaplasma spp. antibodies were detected in 140 (18.5%) (CI: 15.8–21.4%) of the investigated sera by ELISA, and Anaplasma/Ehrlichia-DNA was detected in 40 (5.3%) (CI: 3.8–7.1%) of the positive sera by real time PCR. Co-detection of both Anaplasma spp. and Coxiella burnetii-specific antibodies was proven in 30 (4%) of the investigated sera. The results of this work confirm the significant prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Egypt. Raising awareness in decision makers of the public health, veterinarians and animal owners is required to reduce the spread of infection.

show abstract

“…The human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL60 is routinely used to propagate A. phagocytophilum [28]. Therefore, first of all, A. phagocytophilum Webster strain grown in HL60 cells was used to infect murine Hoxb8 neutrophils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferon-γ-dependent control of Anaplasma phagocytophilum by murine neutrophil granulocytes

2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. It replicates in neutrophils and elicits febrile disease in humans and animals. Because of its striking tropism for neutrophils, A. phagocytophilum has been used as a model organism to study the immune response against obligate intracellular pathogens. In mice, the control of A. phagocytophilum in the early phase of infection is dependent on natural killer cell-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In contrast, the final elimination strictly requires CD4+ T-cells. It is a matter of debate, whether neutrophils serve only as host cells or as killer cells as well.ResultsTo study this, we used in vitro generated murine neutrophils with defects in major antimicrobial molecules such as NADPH-oxidase (gp91phox−/−), myeloperoxidase (MPO−/−) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS−/−). However, bacterial growth in gene-deficient neutrophils was comparable to that in wild-type cells. Whereas gp91phox and MPO expression remained unchanged, the infection led to an induction of iNOS. In neutrophils stimulated with IFN-γ, bacterial growth was significantly impaired, and iNOS was induced. However, the antibacterial effect of IFN-γ was still seen in iNOS−/− neutrophils.ConclusionThus, murine in vitro generated neutrophils stimulated with IFN-γ seem to act as killer cells by an iNOS-independent mechanism.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2274-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Guidelines for the Direct Detection ofAnaplasmaspp. in Diagnosis and Epidemiological Studies

Cited by 71 publications

References 85 publications

Molecular characterization of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia in ixodid ticks and reservoir hosts from Palestine: a pilot survey

Molecular characterization of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia in ixodid ticks and reservoir hosts from Palestine: a pilot survey

Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Bovine Anaplasmosis in Egypt

Interferon-γ-dependent control of Anaplasma phagocytophilum by murine neutrophil granulocytes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About