Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer (2022 Edition)

Abstract

Background: Primary liver cancer, around 75%–85% are hepatocellular carcinoma in China, is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of tumor-related death, thereby posing a significant threat to the life and health of the Chinese people. Summary: Since the publication of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer in China in June 2017, which were updated by the National Health Commission in December 2019, additional high-quality evidence has emerged from researchers worldwide regarding the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of liver cancer, that requires the guidelines to be updated again. The new edition (2022 Edition) was written by more than 100 experts in the field of liver cancer in China, which not only reflects the real-world situation in China, but also may re-shape the nationwide diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. Key Messages: The new guideline aims to encourage the implementation of evidence-based practice, and improve the national average five-year survival rate for patients with liver cancer, as proposed in the "Health China 2030 Blueprint."

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease increases hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B patients: a retrospective cohort study

“…Most patients regularly underwent HCC surveillance through abdominal imaging and semi-annual to annual monitoring of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. HCC diagnosis was determined radiologically or histologically according to practice guidelines (Zhou et al, 2023).…”

Advanced Nanoencapsulation-Enabled Ultrasensitive Analysis: Unraveling Tumor Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations for Differential Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via DNA Cascade Reactions

“…Over 90% of HCC cases develop in the background of advanced chronic liver disease or cirrhosis, a major risk factor for HCC. − Prompt screening for early stage HCC significantly enhances prognosis. , Current recommendations advocate biannual abdominal ultrasound coupled with an α-fetoprotein (AFP) assessment for HCC screening in high-risk groups. However, the sensitivity of this method in detecting early stage HCC remains limited, at merely 63%, and is notably lower for patients with cirrhosis. , In the case of diagnostic uncertainty for suspicious liver lesions, a biopsy is often requested to identify the nature of the lesion, but this procedure comes with inherent limitations, including a certain rate of false negatives due to lesion size and depth as well as associated risks such as tumor rupture, hemorrhage, and dissemination . This underscores an urgent clinical need for the development of alternative approaches aimed at enhancing the efficacy and safety of HCC screening.…”

“…7,8 In the case of diagnostic uncertainty for suspicious liver lesions, a biopsy is often requested to identify the nature of the lesion, 9 but this procedure comes with inherent limitations, including a certain rate of false negatives due to lesion size and depth as well as associated risks such as tumor rupture, hemorrhage, and dissemination. 10 This underscores an urgent clinical need for the development of alternative approaches aimed at enhancing the efficacy and safety of HCC screening. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass a heterogeneous population of phospholipid membrane-enclosed micro-or nanoparticles actively secreted by cells into various body fluids.…”

Exploring the impact of coffee consumption on liver health: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis

“…Liver conditions, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, autoimmune liver disease (ALD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [ 4 ], poses a huge threat to global health [ 5 ]. Among them, hepatitis and cirrhosis are highly prevalent disease in the Chinese population, and liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in China [ 6 , 7 ]. Coffee, a beverage with globally leading sales, has been demonstrated in recent studies to exhibit significant bioactive effects beneficial to human health, particularly in the context of liver health [ 8 ].…”