Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatmental Chronic Obstructive Bronchitits and Pulmonary Emphysema Issued by Deutsche Atemwegsliga and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie

Worth, H.; Buhl, Rikke; Cegla, U. H.; Criée, Carl-Peter; Gillissen, Adrian; Kardos, Péter; Köhler, D.; Magnussen, H; Meister, Richard; Nowak, D.; Petro, W; Rabe, Klaus F.; Schultze‐Werninghaus, G.; Sitter, H.; Teschler, Helmut; Welte, Tobias; Wettengel, R

doi:10.1055/s-2002-35553

Cited by 69 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Kurz und lang wirksame β 2 -Agonisten und Anticholinergika ergänzen sich in ihren Wirkungen [71,72] und können additiv verwandt werden, sofern der Patient von einer Substanzklasse allein nicht ausreichend profitiert [1,4,15,70].…”

Section: Bronchodilatatorensäule Der Copd-therapie Mit Antiinflammatounclassified

“…Theophyllin ist in den nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien unter den Bronchodilatatoren Medikament der dritten Wahl [1,4]. Diese Einschätzung beruht auf dem engen therapeutischen Fenster und der schwachen bronchodilatatorischen Wirkung.…”

Section: Theophyllin: Vom Bronchodilatator Zum Antiinflammatorischen unclassified

“…Die nationale Versorgungsleitlinie COPD (www.copd.versorgungsleitlinie. de) und die Leitlinien der Deutschen Atemwegsliga und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie [4] werden in ihren Neufassungen die Inhalte dieser Definition übernehmen.…”

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COPD—pharmakologische Basisbehandlung und Zukunft der antiinflammatorischen Therapie

et al. 2006

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. It is caused by chronic inflammation of the airways and the lung parenchyma. Symptomatic treatment is based on bronchodilatation, which leads to a reduction of hyperinflation and relief of dyspnea. Smoking cessation is the only known causative treatment option. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) reduce exacerbations and, potentially, mortality. Future therapies should ameliorate chronic inflammation and thus stop the annual decline of lung function. In face of increasing mortality and morbidity more research is needed.

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Section: Bronchodilatatorensäule Der Copd-therapie Mit Antiinflammatounclassified

Section: Theophyllin: Vom Bronchodilatator Zum Antiinflammatorischen unclassified

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COPD—pharmakologische Basisbehandlung und Zukunft der antiinflammatorischen Therapie

et al. 2006

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“…Despite these discrepancies, those parameters, e.g. FEV 1 and beyond, that are derived from lung function analysis and may be incorporated into the diagnosis and monitoring of COPD in the future [22] may serve as an ideal link between the human disease and animal models. With the exception of a few studies [23,24], however, analysis of lung function has only rarely been implemented in the validation of animal models of COPD [25].…”

Section: Critical Aspects Related To Human Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A third difficulty related to the human disease is that, although cigarette smoking is accepted to be a main cause of COPD, there is a variety of other risk factors thought to be involved in the development of COPD [13,22,34]. Similarly, a variety of injurious stimuli, including cigarette smoke, induce changes in animal lungs that mimic some of the aspects of the human disease.…”

Section: Critical Aspects Related To Human Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Some Critical Remarks

Fehrenbach¹

2002

Pathobiology

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A variety of animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are available, comprising elastase instillation or inhalation of noxious agents and genetic models like mouse mutants, gene-targeted and transgenic mice. The present review discusses some critical aspects which should be taken into account when evaluating these animal models of human COPD. Critical aspects related to the human disease itself: (1) diagnosis is largely symptom based, and symptoms cannot be mimicked in animals; (2) COPD is not a well-defined entity, but comprises patients with variable contribution of chronic bronchitis, mucus hypersecretion and emphysema, and (3) various factors contribute to the development of COPD, indicating that different pathways may converge into a single endpoint. Critical aspects related to the animals used: (1) species-, strain- and gender-related differences in lung structure and function preclude mimicking some features of the human disease; (2) genetic models frequently present with air space enlargement as a result of the disturbance of early postnatal alveolization (conditionally controlled transgenic animals are recommended); (3) inhalation models frequently use young animals during lung growth, which may preclude distinguishing effects owing to growth retardation or to loss of existing alveolar walls; (4) inhalation of noxious agents may result in reduction of food intake and loss of body weight, which itself may result in emphysema, and (5) the presence of emphysema cannot be concluded based on measurement of air space enlargement alone, but should include the determination of total alveolar surface area.

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Therapie bronchopulmonaler Erkrankungen

Entzian¹

Praktische Arzneitherapie

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Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatmental Chronic Obstructive Bronchitits and Pulmonary Emphysema Issued by Deutsche Atemwegsliga and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie

Cited by 69 publications

References 35 publications

COPD—pharmakologische Basisbehandlung und Zukunft der antiinflammatorischen Therapie

COPD—pharmakologische Basisbehandlung und Zukunft der antiinflammatorischen Therapie

Animal Models of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Some Critical Remarks

Therapie bronchopulmonaler Erkrankungen

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