Guidelines for the Culture of Fish Stocks for Resource Management

Hynes, J.D.; Brown, E. S.; Helle, John H.; Ryman, Nils; Webster, Dwight A.

doi:10.1139/f81-232

Cited by 47 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…However, recent studies Chittenden et al, 2010) have shown the presence of minor genetic differences when comparing wild specimens with hatchery, since currently genetic diversity of stocked fish has been expanded from the use of a high number of breeder individuals of wild origin. Thus, the low morphological variability found for the hatchery population likely is due to the high homogeneity of the tanks (Hynes et al, 1981;Taylor, 1986), where environmental pressures are constant, due to low disturbance frequency. The intraspecific polymorphism is typically caused by different selective pressures (Langerhans et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish hatchering and its effects on the morphology of Prochilodus lineatus (Actinopterygii: Prochilodontidae)

Saraiva

2016

Braz. J. Biol.

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The fish stocking in captivity for later release into natural water bodies has historically been applied in Brazil, as a measure to mitigate impacts caused by dams. However, the released fish are adapted to the hatchery environment, which is totally different from the natural, which results in low post-release survival rates and ineffectiveness of stocking as a management measure. Worldwide, several studies have demonstrated the existence of large phenotypic differences between farmed and wild fish, but in Brazil, there is a great need for this kind of study. Based on this, our objective here was to verify if hatchery fish differ morphologically from its wild counterparties, at the same size class. Hence, a population of young Prochilodus lineatus raised in a fish farming station was compared with another from marginal lagoons of the Grande river. The results indicated that the fish farming resulted in morphologically different individuals of P. lineatus and a less diverse population, compared with wild fish. Measures such as environmental enrichment of hatchery tanks should be studied as a way to increase environmental heterogeneity and increase the morphological variability of the fingerlings produced.Keywords: hatchery environment, morphological variability, stocking, released fish, wild fish.Cultivo em piscicultura e seus efeitos sobre a morfologia de Prochilodus lineatus (Actinopterygii: Prochilodontidae) ResumoA estocagem de peixes em cativeiro para posterior soltura em corpos d'água naturais tem sido historicamente aplicada no Brasil, como medida mitigadora de impactos causados por barramentos. Entretanto, os peixes soltos são adaptados ao ambiente de cultivo que é totalmente diferente do natural, o que resulta em pequenas taxas de sobrevivência pós-soltura e ineficácia das estocagens como medida de manejo. Em escala mundial, diversos estudos já evidenciaram a existência de grandes diferenças fenotípicas entre peixes cultivados e selvagens, mas no Brasil há grande carência de estudos deste tipo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se peixes cultivados divergem morfologicamente de indivíduos da mesma espécie provenientes de ambiente natural. Para isto, uma população de jovens de Prochilodus lineatus oriunda de uma estação de piscicultura foi comparada com outra da mesma espécie e classe de tamanho oriunda de lagoas marginais do Rio Grande. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que o cultivo em piscicultura resulta em indivíduos de P. lineatus morfologicamente diferentes e em uma população menos variada se comparada com os selvagens. Como forma de aumentar a heterogeneidade ambiental e aumentar a variabilidade morfológica dos alevinos produzidos, devem ser estudadas medidas como o enriquecimento ambiental de tanques de piscicultura.Palavras-chave: ambiente de cultivo, variabilidade morfológica, estocagem, peixes cultivados, peixes selvagens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish hatchering and its effects on the morphology of Prochilodus lineatus (Actinopterygii: Prochilodontidae)

Saraiva

2016

Braz. J. Biol.

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“…Considering the amount of information available on both the ' population genetic principles ' and allozyme variation in fishes, applications of population genetics in practical fisheries management have not come up to the expectations of population geneticists of the early 1980s (Hynes et al, 1981;Ihssen et al, 1981;Krueger et al, 1981;MacLean & Evans, 1981;Spangler et al, 1981). Almost the only exception in this respect has been the management of Pacific salmonids, where genetic information is systematically used to get relative stock contribution estimates for fishing regulation purposes (Beacham et al, 1985(Beacham et al, , 1995Begg et al, 1999).…”

Section: Common Goal For Conservation and Fisheries Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation goals and fisheries management units for Atlantic salmon in the Baltic Sea area

Koljonen¹

2001

Journal of Fish Biology

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The effective application of genetic information in fisheries management strategies implies political goal setting taking both conservation and fisheries management into account. The concept of sustainable use as set out by the Convention on Biological Diversity offers a valuable starting point in this respect, since the criterion for it is defined as the maintenance of genetic diversity within each species. However, strategic decisions are also needed on the practical level, where the actual genetic information can be taken into account. Genetic factors, such as glacial differentiation, the postglacial genetic structure of populations, gene flow levels and the probability of the existence of adaptive differences, have an effect on the formation of conservation and management units and on the long-term strategy for the sustainable use of a species. The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Baltic Sea area is treated here as an example of a complicated management problem with a highly hierarchical genetic structure associated with marked loss of naturally reproductive stocks, extensive hatchery production and an effective international offshore fishery. The implications of genetic factors for the conservation and management strategy of the

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“…A different conservation genetics problem is the imposition, knowingly or otherwise, of artificial selection upon a wild stock, leading to a state of domestication (Brisbin 1974). That fish respond by genetic change to selection in captivity is well established in salmonids (Vincent 1960;Donaldson 1970;Kincaid et al 1977) and other groups (Moav et al 1978;Hynes et al 1981). By relaxing natural selection, or replacing it with random or directional artificial selective forces, the fate of propagated populations may be jeopardized.…”

Section: Inbreeding Depression Inbreeding Depression Is Possiblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Genetics and the Management of Endangered Fishes

Meffe

1986

Fisheries

112

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The emerging field of endangered fishes management has yet to fully incorporate conservation genetics into recovery programs. Genetic aspects of small populations must be considered at the outset of management programs in order to maximize probability of their long‐term survival and continued adaptability. Total genetic variance of a species consists of within population genetic diversity, and the differences found among populations; both types of variance should be maintained to maximize adaptive flexibility of endangered fishes. Forces that erode genetic variation include small population size, population bottlenecks, genetic drift, inbreeding depression, artificial selection in captivity, and mixing of distinct genetic stocks. These can lead to increased homozygosity, loss of quantitative variation, and exposure of deleterious recessive alleles, all of which may reduce fitness. Suggestions for genetically sound management of endangered fishes include genetic monitoring of natural and captive populations, use of large numbers for captive breeding where feasible, selective mating to avoid inbreeding where necessary, minimization of time in captivity, and separate maintenance of distinct stocks.

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Guidelines for the Culture of Fish Stocks for Resource Management

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Fish hatchering and its effects on the morphology of Prochilodus lineatus (Actinopterygii: Prochilodontidae)

Fish hatchering and its effects on the morphology of Prochilodus lineatus (Actinopterygii: Prochilodontidae)

Conservation goals and fisheries management units for Atlantic salmon in the Baltic Sea area

Conservation Genetics and the Management of Endangered Fishes

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