Guidelines for Recognition, Assessment and Treatment of Pain

Mathews, Karol A.; Kronen, Peter W; Lascelles, Duncan; Nolan, A. M.; Robertson, Sheilah A.; Steagall, Paulo V.; Wright, Bonnie; Yamashita, Kazuto

doi:10.1111/jsap.12200

Cited by 242 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 218 publications

(237 reference statements)

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“…As fibras C produzem uma segunda fase de dor que se descreve como difusa e persistente e formam, na periferia, receptores de alto limiar para estímulos mecânicos e térmicos (KLAUMANN et al, 2008). Após lesão tecidual, fibras A-beta, normalmente não associadas a processos nociceptivos, mas apenas à estímulos inócuos, também podem sofrer alterações celulares e, após a sensibilização na periferia, transmitir a informação nociceptiva (MATHEWS et al, 2014).…”

Section: Fisiolopatogia Da Dorunclassified

“…Em animais anestesiados, a avaliação do fenômeno sensitivo-doloroso é mais difícil e restringe-se basicamente à mensuração de indicadores fisiológicos, tais como o aumento da frequência cardíaca com ou sem a presença de arritmias, aumento da frequência respiratória e elevação da pressão arterial sistêmica (McKUNE et al, 2015;PERKOWSKI, 2015), todavia estes parâmetros não são indicadores totalmente confiáveis por sofrerem influência de outros fatores, especialmente de fármacos anestésicos (MATHEWS et al, 2014), e devem ser avaliados de acordo com o contexto clínico em que se apresentam.…”

Section: Reconhecimento E Avaliação Da Dorunclassified

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Mecanismos Fisiopatológicos Da Nocicepção E Bases Da Analgesia Perioperatória Em Pequenos Animais

et al. 2017

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RESUMOA nocicepção é o fenômeno pelo qual ocorre a codificação e o processamento dos estímulos ambientais físicos e químicos ou patológicos que resultam na dor, através de uma cascata complexa de eventos da periferia até as estruturas superiores do sistema nervoso central. O reconhecimento e a avaliação da dor são etapas fundamentais para o sucesso em seu tratamento e devem ser baseados em indicadores fisiológicos, biomarcadores específicos e de parâmetros comportamentais. A analgesia preemptiva, a analgesia multimodal e o advento de novos fármacos trouxeram grandes avanços no controle da dor perioperatória, reduzindo ou evitando a sensibilização neuronal decorrente dos estímulos nociceptivos cirúrgicos, promovendo melhor analgesia e conforto pós-operatórios, resultando em um menor requerimento de fármacos analgésicos no pós-cirúrgico e em uma recuperação mais acelerada. O presente artigo teve como objetivo abordar os aspectos atuais da nocicepção e do controle da dor perioperatória em pequenos animais.Palavras-chave: Dor; Analgesia multimodal; Anestesia. ABSTRACTNociception is the phenomenon whereby occur the encoding and processing of physical and chemical environmental or pathological stimulus that results pain, through a complex cascade of events from peripheral to high central nervous system structures. The recognition and assessment of pain are fundamental stages to the success in its treatment and should be based in physiological indicators, specific biomarkers and behavioral parameters. The preemptive analgesia, multimodal analgesia and the advent of novel drugs brought great advances in perioperative pain management, reducing or preventing neural sensitization due surgical nociceptive stimulus, promoting better analgesia and postoperative comfort, resulting in a lower requirement of analgesic drugs postsurgical and promoting a faster recuperation. This article had aim approaches current aspects of nociception and perioperative pain management in small animals.Keywords: Pain; Multimodal analgesia; Anesthesia. IntroduçãoOs sistemas sensoriais têm o importante papel de informar o sistema nervoso central (SNC) sobre as condições do ambiente externo e o estado do meio interno do organismo. A dor é um tipo de percepção e, como tal, é parte de um sistema complexo, o sistema nociceptivo, que compõe um conjunto global de mecanismos responsáveis pelo controle da homeostase. Neste contexto, a dor constitui um sinal de alerta, cuja função é ajudar a proteger o organismo, desencadeando reações

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Section: Fisiolopatogia Da Dorunclassified

Section: Reconhecimento E Avaliação Da Dorunclassified

Mecanismos Fisiopatológicos Da Nocicepção E Bases Da Analgesia Perioperatória Em Pequenos Animais

et al. 2017

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“…The severity, type and duration of pain can also modify the entity of behavioural responses (Muir and Gaynor, 2009;Mathews et al, 2014). Persistent and chronic pain is typically more difficult to assess, because its manifestations, which are less obvious and more hidden, result mainly in lifestyle modifications (loss of appetite, decreased activity, fewer interactions, lack of grooming, etc.).…”

Section: Assessment Of Psychomotor Changes and Pain Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Persistent and chronic pain is typically more difficult to assess, because its manifestations, which are less obvious and more hidden, result mainly in lifestyle modifications (loss of appetite, decreased activity, fewer interactions, lack of grooming, etc.). Those assessing pain should be trained to reveal subtle changes in animal behaviours (Mathews et al, 2014). Table 3-7 summarize the main behavioural attitudes most frequently associated with the presence of pain in dogs and cats, ferrets, rabbits, small rodents, reptiles and birds.…”

Section: Assessment Of Psychomotor Changes and Pain Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the WSAVA Guidelines for recognition, assessment and treatment of pain (Mathews et al, 2014) and in the AAHA Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and cats (Hellyer et al, 2007;Epstein et al, 2015), pain has been considered as the "4th vital sign", together with temperature, pulse and respiration. Within a clinical evaluation, all patients should, therefore, always be assessed for the presence and intensity of pain.…”

Section: Clinical Exammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of Pain in Small Companion Animals

Rocca¹,

Catanzaro²,

Salvo³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Abstract:It is now widely accepted that animals are able to experience pain in a similar way to humans. Acute and/or chronic pain is associated not only with many surgical procedures, but also with various medical diseases, where pain may increase morbidity and mortality. Moreover, some types of pain (e.g., neuropathic pain) can be considered as an illness in themselves. Recognizing pain and assessing its intensity are both essential for its effective management: If pain is not recognised, then it is unlikely to be treated. Two major problems account for the difficulties in pain diagnosis in veterinary patients: (1) animals are not able to verbalise and cannot refer to the state of pain they are experiencing and (2) almost all animal species tend instinctively to mask signs of pain and weakness. Therefore, pain recognition in a diseased animal may be challenging. However, practitioners can rely on different strategies, which can be put in place to reveal the presence of pain in their patients. A presumptive diagnosis, a clinical exam, the evaluation of psychomotor changes and pain expressions, the attribution of pain scores and the response to therapy are all tools which, especially when used in combination, can help the veterinary practitioner recognise a subject suffering from pain and allow a correct approach to therapy. This review summarizes the current available information regarding the methodology that could be applied in small companion animals for a correct diagnosis of pain, offering veterinarians with some "easy to use" tools to apply in their daily practice.

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Recognition and Assessment of Pain in Cats

Monteiro

Steagall

2015

Questions and Answers in Small Animal Anesthesia

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Guidelines for Recognition, Assessment and Treatment of Pain

Cited by 242 publications

References 218 publications

Mecanismos Fisiopatológicos Da Nocicepção E Bases Da Analgesia Perioperatória Em Pequenos Animais

Mecanismos Fisiopatológicos Da Nocicepção E Bases Da Analgesia Perioperatória Em Pequenos Animais

Diagnosis of Pain in Small Companion Animals

Recognition and Assessment of Pain in Cats

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