Guidelines for radiotherapy of prostate cancer (2020 edition)

Li, Gaofeng; Li, Yexiong; Wang, Junjie; Gao, Xianshu; Zhong, Qiuzi; He, Liru; Li, Chunmei; Liu, Ming; Liu, Yueping; Ma, M.; Wang, Hao; Wang, Xuan; Zhu, Hui

doi:10.1002/pro6.1129

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Even though cell lines are a unique tool to study the mechanisms behind the occurring radiosensitization due to AuNPs, it is crucial to discuss briefly how they might be utilized in either animal or human tumors. Depending on the type and stage of cancer, radiotherapy is usually applied in fractions giving in total 20–80 Gy [ 110 , 111 ]. One of the main side effects of cancer radiotherapy is that it cannot usually spare completely the nearby normal tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Response of Human Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation in Combination with Gold Nanoparticles

Tremi

Havaki

Georgitsopoulou

et al. 2022

Cancers

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In the context of improving radiation therapy, high-atomic number (Z) metallic nanoparticles and, more importantly, gold-based nanostructures are developed as radiation enhancers/radiosensitizers. Due to the diversity of cell lines, nanoparticles, as well as radiation types or doses, the resulting biological effects may differ and remain obscure. In this multiparameter study, we aim to shed light on these effects and investigate them further by employing X-irradiation and three human cancer cell lines (PC3, A549, and U2OS cells) treated by multiple techniques. TEM experiments on PC3 cells showed that citrate-capped AuNPs were found to be located mostly in membranous structures/vesicles or autophagosomes, but also, in the case of PEG-capped AuNPs, inside the nucleus as well. The colony-forming capability of cancer cells radiosensitized by AuNPs decreased significantly and the DNA damage detected by cytogenetics, γH2AX immunostaining, and by single (γH2AX) or double (γH2AX and OGG1) immunolocalization via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was in many cases higher and/or persistent after combination with AuNPs than upon individual exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). Moreover, different cell cycle distribution was evident in PC3 but not A549 cells after treatment with AuNPs and/or irradiation. Finally, cellular senescence was investigated by using a newly established staining procedure for lipofuscin, based on a Sudan Black-B analogue (GL13) which showed that based on the AuNPs’ concentration, an increased number of senescent cells might be observed after exposure to IR. Even though different cell lines or different types and concentrations of AuNPs may alter the levels of radiosensitization, our results imply that the complexity of damage might also be an important factor of AuNP-induced radiosensitization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Response of Human Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation in Combination with Gold Nanoparticles

Tremi

Havaki

Georgitsopoulou

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…Adjuvant radiotherapy to positive lymph nodes remains the standard of care in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, which was the case for this patient. [2][3][4][5] A systemic review of retrospective studies using IMRT/VMAT as adjuvant therapy for positive lymph nodes prostate cancer suggested a target dose of 45-60 Gy with boost dose as high as 70 Gy to high-risk areas. 6 The treatment plan for the lymph nodes in this patient was consistent with the plans used in atlas definition and other published studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other indications include extra-prostatic and/or seminal vessel involvement and positive margins after prostatectomy. 5 However, guidelines on whether additional lymph nodes should be contoured and treated remain less well defined, especially in patients with node positive disease at presentation as the pattern of failure may be altered secondary to retrograde flow through pelvic lymphatic channels or interruption of tissue planes by surgery. As such, the decision to preemptively treat other lymph nodes typically remains up to the discretion and experience of the practitioner who will assign tissues at risk based on pre-determined guidelines of care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report of Mesorectal Failure in the Treatment of Prostate Adenocarcinoma

Shen

Roubil²,

Ding³

et al. 2022

MRAJ

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Prostate cancer afflicts a substantial portion of the male population with increasing incidence each decade after the age of 40. Standard of care for localized disease at presentation includes prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy which can include management of pelvic lymph nodes. However, the selection of lymph nodes treated by radiotherapy remains variable among practitioners including individual practitioners in the same institution. We present a patient with prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy for lymph node involvement and developed mesorectal failure secondary to metastatic spread to untreated tissue.

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“…Using low doses of radiation to gather CT images could cause long-term off-target effects in mice. However, the dose required for sub-millimeter resolution imaging is less than 1 centigray, which is far below the recommended dose of 76-80 gray for definitive prostate radiotherapy in humans or 5-7 gray whole body irradiation to result in mouse lethality [29,30]. These tumor bearing animals only live a month or two after irradiation, which will not provide them the time to potentially develop any of these side effects.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

CT vs. bioluminescence: A comparison of imaging techniques for orthotopic prostate tumors in mice

et al. 2022

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Prostate cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers in men in the United States. In mouse models, orthotopic tumors are favored for their biological relevance and simulation of growth in a microenvironment akin to that found in humans. However, to monitor the disease course, animal models require consistent and noninvasive surveillance. In vivo bioluminescent imaging has become a mainstay imaging modality due to its flexibility and ease of use. However, with some orthotopic prostate tumor models, bioluminescence fails to describe disease progression due to optical scattering and signal attenuation. CT scanning, in addition to its utility in human cancer diagnosis and surveillance, can be applied to mouse models with improved results. However, CT imaging has poor definition when imaging soft tissues and is not routinely used in prostate cancer models. Using an orthotopic prostate cancer model, our results demonstrate that, when compared to bioluminescent imaging, CT imaging correlates more closely to orthotopic prostate tumor growth in mice. Based on the data from this study, we conclude that CT imaging can be used as an alternative to the more commonly used bioluminescent imaging for measuring orthotopic prostate cancer growth over time.

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Guidelines for radiotherapy of prostate cancer (2020 edition)

Cited by 10 publications

References 73 publications

Biological Response of Human Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation in Combination with Gold Nanoparticles

Biological Response of Human Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation in Combination with Gold Nanoparticles

Case Report of Mesorectal Failure in the Treatment of Prostate Adenocarcinoma

CT vs. bioluminescence: A comparison of imaging techniques for orthotopic prostate tumors in mice

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