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A n adjustment disorder is a condition of subjective emotional distress, typically involving depression, anxiety, or both, that follows a significant life change or stressful life event that interferes with a person's ability to function effectively. Because many older adults contend with life issues to which they are challenged to adjust, this chapter on adjustment reaction disorder focuses on this age group.Each day about 10,000 members of the so-called baby boomer generation turn 65 years of age. By 2030, about 20% of the U.S. population will be 65 years of age or older (Karel, Gatz, & Smyer, 2012). Many European nations and Japan will also have historically high proportions of older adults. Surprisingly to many, the rates of almost all mental disorders, including depression, are lower in older adults than in younger adults. Furthermore, surveys show that older adults are happier than younger adults (Carstensen, Fung, & Charles, 2003). The one mental disorder that is more common in older versus younger adults is dementia, a progressive loss of mental abilities. The most common ICD-10-CM mental disorders related to cognitive decline in older adults are Alzheimer's disease (G30.0 and F02.8) and Vascular dementia (F01.5).Among older people seeking psychological services, depression and anxiety are frequently expressed concerns. Often depression or anxiety is preceded
A n adjustment disorder is a condition of subjective emotional distress, typically involving depression, anxiety, or both, that follows a significant life change or stressful life event that interferes with a person's ability to function effectively. Because many older adults contend with life issues to which they are challenged to adjust, this chapter on adjustment reaction disorder focuses on this age group.Each day about 10,000 members of the so-called baby boomer generation turn 65 years of age. By 2030, about 20% of the U.S. population will be 65 years of age or older (Karel, Gatz, & Smyer, 2012). Many European nations and Japan will also have historically high proportions of older adults. Surprisingly to many, the rates of almost all mental disorders, including depression, are lower in older adults than in younger adults. Furthermore, surveys show that older adults are happier than younger adults (Carstensen, Fung, & Charles, 2003). The one mental disorder that is more common in older versus younger adults is dementia, a progressive loss of mental abilities. The most common ICD-10-CM mental disorders related to cognitive decline in older adults are Alzheimer's disease (G30.0 and F02.8) and Vascular dementia (F01.5).Among older people seeking psychological services, depression and anxiety are frequently expressed concerns. Often depression or anxiety is preceded
In May 2016, the U.S. Department of Justice released a report describing the aging of the state prison population from 1993 to 2013 (Carson & Sabol, 2016). During this period, the number of prisoners aged 55 or older sentenced to serve more than 1 year increased 400% (in 1993, 3% of the total state prison population was 55 or older whereas in 2013 this figure rose to 10%). Some reasons for this increase are longer sentences in the United States and the international demographic shift toward longer lifespans. Notably, the United States incarcerates more individuals per capita than does any other nation (Wilper et al., 2009). On December 31, 2013, 40% of state prisoners aged 55 or older had been imprisoned for at least 10 years, compared with 9% in 1993 (Carson & Sabol, 2016). Between 1993 and 2013, more than 65% of prisoners aged 55 or older were serving time for violent offenses, compared with a maximum of 58% for other age groups. Forty percent of such prisoners were admitted to prison after age 55 (Carson & Sabol, 2016). Carson (2014) summarized the demographic characteristics of federal and state prison
In concert with 6 decennial White House Conferences on Aging, psychologists have considered how developments in psychological science can contribute to the well-being of older Americans. We suggest 5 illustrative areas of psychological research: Advances in neuroscience elucidate ways to promote healthy cognitive aging; associated developments in neuropsychological assessment can help in protecting older Americans with cognitive losses from financial exploitation, abuse, and neglect. Psychological research on decision making and behavioral economics has much to offer to planning for retirement security and reducing vulnerability to financial abuse. Psychological research on self-management and behavior change can contribute importantly to enhancing good health behaviors among older adults; similarly the power of context on behavior can be harnessed in long-term care settings. Psychological research on attitudes and stereotypes gives insight into age bias that can be detrimental to healthy aging. Adaptive technologies and information technologies are beginning to transform assessment in research and clinical settings; technology also holds the promise of improving long-term support for older adults in both institutional and community-based settings. Finally, with 1 in 7 Americans now ages 65 and older, compared with 1 in 11 50 years ago, the psychology workforce-including health services providers and faculty to train those providers-is insufficient to meet the challenge of the aging population. (PsycINFO Database Record
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