Guidelines for evaluating air pollution impacts on class I wilderness areas in the Pacific Northwest.

Peterson, Janice L.; Schmoldt, Daniel L.; Peterson, D.P.; Eilers, J. M.; Fisher, Richard W.; Bachman, Robert E.

doi:10.2737/pnw-gtr-299

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The CARB (California Air Resources Board) data show extremely low SO 2 levels throughout the study area with annual arithmetic means rarely surpassing 3 ppb in major urban centers. The most SO 2sensitive lichen species are thought to be tolerant to up to 5 to 15 ppb in the Pacific Northwest (Peterson et al 1992), which should be similar in our study area.…”

Section: Ammonia Deposition In the Greater Central Valleysupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Accordingly, many species that dominated plots with the highest SO 2 levels are considered SO 2 -sensitive species, such as Candelaria concolor, Ramalina farinacea, Xanthoria fallax, and X. polycarpa (Peterson et al 1992). Nor did we observe the typical community response to SO 2 along axis 1, depression of species richness (van Haluwyn and van Herk 2002: Fig.…”

Section: Ammonia Deposition In the Greater Central Valleymentioning

confidence: 80%

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Air-Quality Bioindication in the Greater Central Valley of California, With Epiphytic Macrolichen Communities

Jovan

McCune

2005

Ecological Applications

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Air‐quality monitoring in the United States is typically focused on urban areas even though the detrimental effects of pollution often extend into surrounding ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to construct a model, based upon epiphytic macrolichen community data, to indicate air‐quality and climate in forested areas throughout the greater Central Valley of California (USA). The structure of epiphytic lichen communities is widely recognized as an effective biological indicator of air‐quality as sensitivities to common anthropogenic pollutants vary by species. We used nonmetric multidimensional‐scaling ordination to analyze lichen community data from 98 plots. To calibrate the model, a subset of plots was co‐located with air‐quality monitors that measured ambient levels of ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Two estimates of ammonia deposition, which is not regularly monitored by any state or federal agency in California, were approximated for all plots using land‐use maps and emissions estimates derived from the California Gridded Ammonia Inventory Modeling System. Two prominent gradients in community composition were found. One ordination axis corresponded with an air‐quality gradient relating to ammonia deposition. Ammonia deposition estimates (r = −0.63 and −0.51), percentage nitrophilous lichen richness (r = −0.76), and percentage nitrophile abundance (r = −0.78) were correlated with the air‐quality axis. Plots from large cities and small, highly agricultural towns had relatively poor air‐quality scores, indicating similar levels of ammonia deposition between urban and agrarian land uses. The second axis was correlated with humidity (r = −0.58), distance from the coast (r = 0.62), kriged estimates of cumulative ozone exposure (r = 0.57), maximum one‐hour measurements of ozone (r = 0.58), and annual means of nitrogen dioxide (r = 0.63). Compared to ammonia, ozone and nitrogen dioxide impacts on lichen communities are poorly known, making it difficult to determine whether the second axis represents a response to climate, pollution, or both. Additionally, nitric acid may be influencing lichen communities although the lack of deposition data and research describing indicator species prevented us from evaluating potential impacts.

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Section: Ammonia Deposition In the Greater Central Valleysupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Ammonia Deposition In the Greater Central Valleymentioning

confidence: 80%

Air-Quality Bioindication in the Greater Central Valley of California, With Epiphytic Macrolichen Communities

Jovan

McCune

2005

Ecological Applications

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“…Jovan and McCune (2005) found that the PNA was independent of ozone (O 3 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentrations, which are both high in parts of the greater Sierra Nevada. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) effects are also unlikely as ambient levels in California are beneath the threshold at which research suggests even the most sensitive lichen species respond (Peterson et al, 1992). Direct measurements from the California Air Resources Board monitoring network show annual means that are usually below 3 ppb in northern and central California.…”

Section: Effects Of Other Major Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Using Epiphytic Macrolichen Communities for Biomonitoring Ammonia in Forests of the Greater Sierra Nevada, California

Jovan

McCune

2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Chronic, excessive nitrogen deposition is potentially an important ecological threat to forests of the greater Sierra Nevada in California. We developed a model for ammonia bioindication, a major nitrogen pollutant in the region, using epiphytic macrolichens. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling to extract gradients in lichen community composition from surveys at 115 forested sites. A strong ammonia deposition gradient was detected, as evidenced by a high linear correlation with an index of ammonia indicator species conventionally known as "nitrophytes" (r = 0.93). This gradient, however, was confounded by elevation (r = −0.54). We evaluated three statistical techniques for controlling the influence of elevation on nitrophytes: simple linear regression, nonlinear regression, and nonparametric regression. We used the unstandardized residuals from nonlinear regression to estimate relative ammonia deposition at each plot, primarily because this model had the best fit (r 2 = 0.33), desirable asymptotic properties, and it is easy to apply to new data. Other possible sources of noise in the nitrophyte-ammonia relationship, such as substrate pH and acidic deposition, are discussed. Lichen communities indicated relatively high deposition to forests of the southern Sierra Nevada, the Modoc Plateau, as well as in stands near urban areas. Evidence of elevated ammonia was also detected for popular recreation areas such as Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks. Lichen communities from forests in the Tahoe basin, northern Sierra Nevada, southern Cascades, and eastern Klamath Range appeared considerably less impacted. This model will be used for continual assessment of eutrophication risks to forest health in the region.

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“…The authors' experiences with technical workshops (as temporary formal groups) suggest that such meetings often are dominated by unfocused and rambling discussion, which mixes judgmental and intellective issues (Schmoldt and Peterson 1991, Peterson et al 1992. Ideas presented in such a freeform dialog have merit, but those ideas may not always be synchronised with a logical flow of topics.…”

Section: Group Liabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other groups are assembled for a short period of time for specific tasks (e.g., technical workshops-temporary, formal groups, q.V. Peterson et al 1992, Rogelberg et al 1992. Such task-oriented, temporary groups can be distinguished by differentiation of members' skills, little synchrony within or across members' organisations, and variable duration (Sundstrom et al 1990).…”

Section: Group Attributes and Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Group Decision Making in Workshop Settings

Schmoldt

Peterson²

2001

The Analytic Hierarchy Process in Natural Resource and Environmental Decision Making

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Abstract:Public land managers must treat multiple values coincidentally in time and space, which requires the participation of multiple resource specialists and consideration of diverse clientele interests in the decision process. This implies decision making that includes multiple participants, both internally and externally. Decades of social science research on decision making by groups have provided insights into the impediments to effective group processes. Nevertheless, there has been little progress in producing more rigorous and accountable decision processes in land management. The authors' experiences with temporary, formal groups (workshops) have led them to develop a process for group decision making that combines (1) a strawman document to initiate and pattern group discussion, (2) brainstorming to generate ideas, and (3) the analytic hierarchy process to produce judgements, manage conflict, and develop implementation plans. An application ofthis group process to program development in fire research in a workshop setting indicates that it is efficient and cost effective, and provides a large amount ofuseful quantitative information about group preferences.

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Guidelines for evaluating air pollution impacts on class I wilderness areas in the Pacific Northwest.

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Air-Quality Bioindication in the Greater Central Valley of California, With Epiphytic Macrolichen Communities

Air-Quality Bioindication in the Greater Central Valley of California, With Epiphytic Macrolichen Communities

Using Epiphytic Macrolichen Communities for Biomonitoring Ammonia in Forests of the Greater Sierra Nevada, California

Efficient Group Decision Making in Workshop Settings

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