Guidelines for a Polycentric Region to Reduce Vehicle Use and Increase Walking and Transit Use

Park, Keunhyun; Ewing, Reid; Sabouri, Sadegh; Choi, Dong-ah; Hamidi, Shima; Tian, Guang

doi:10.1080/01944363.2019.1692690

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It has implications for community design, regional planning, transportation expenditures, urban redevelopment, tax policy, congestion pricing, smart growth, affordable housing, and nearly every other front-burner issue important to planners. It counters a narrative that, absent data and analysis, would challenge the foundation of modern city planning that density at least in some places (urban and suburban centers) is a positive counter to sprawl (Park et al, 2020).…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Lessons For Plannersmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Accordingly, the State of California's pioneering statewide plan for infill and transit-oriented housing development is increasingly criticized for potentially facilitating the spread of future viruses (D. Kahn, 2020). These concerns and assumptions, in the absence of empirical evidence, would challenge the foundation of modern city planning: that density at least in some places is found to be a positive counter to sprawl (see Park et al, 2020).…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Lessons For Plannersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Does Density Aggravate the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Hamidi¹,

Sabouri²,

Ewing³

2020

Journal of the American Planning Association

Self Cite

605

338

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Problem, research strategy, and findings: The impact of density on emerging highly contagious infectious diseases has rarely been studied. In theory, dense areas lead to more face-to-face interaction among residents, which makes them potential hotspots for the rapid spread of pandemics. On the other hand, dense areas may have better access to health care facilities and greater implementation of social distancing policies and practices. The current COVID-19 pandemic is a perfect case study to investigate these relationships. Our study uses structural equation modeling to account for both direct and indirect impacts of density on the COVID-19 infection and mortality rates for 913 U.S. metropolitan counties, controlling for key confounding factors. We find metropolitan population to be one of the most significant predictors of infection rates; larger metropolitan areas have higher infection and higher mortality rates. We also find that after controlling for metropolitan population, county density is not significantly related to the infection rate, possibly due to more adherence to social distancing guidelines. However, counties with higher densities have significantly lower virus-related mortality rates than do counties with lower densities, possibly due to superior health care systems. Takeaway for practice: These findings suggest that connectivity matters more than density in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Large metropolitan areas with a higher number of counties tightly linked together through economic, social, and commuting relationships are the most vulnerable to the pandemic outbreaks. They are more likely to exchange tourists and businesspeople within themselves and with other parts, thus increasing the risk of cross-border infections. Our study concludes with a key recommendation that planners continue to advocate dense development for a host of reasons, including lower death rates due to infectious diseases like COVID-19.

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Section: Concluding Remarks and Lessons For Plannersmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Concluding Remarks and Lessons For Plannersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Density Aggravate the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Hamidi¹,

Sabouri²,

Ewing³

2020

Journal of the American Planning Association

Self Cite

605

338

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are a few methods to identify the centers based on employment density and local density peaks ( Hajrasouliha, & Hamidi, 2017 ; Park et al 2020 ). We identified activity centers based on the POIs density of shopping and catering services in a city, as follows.…”

Section: Specification Of the Be Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of built environment attributes with the spread of COVID-19 at its initial stage in China

Zhang

2021

Sustainable Cities and Society

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Highlights Focus on the spread of COVID-19 at its initial stages across the whole China. Reveal spatial clusters and outliers of the spread of COVID-19. Estimate a mixed geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. Capture both the global and local effects of inter-/intra-city built environment. Derive important policy implications from the built environment planning.

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“…Researchers like Newman et al [14] have stressed that pedestrian or walking cities are dense, with over 100 people per ha. Regulating Residential Density is a key strategy to tackle suburbanization [42,43]. Besides the population occurrence, density can also be measured in the function of the built area (floor area ratio) or dwelling density.…”

Section: H6: Perceived Residential Density → Functional Walkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The theory of walkable cities has guided several urban development policies worldwide. However, it is more emphatically used in countries with recent peaks of development, such as the United States [42] and Australia [43,78]. One central goal of those policies is to leverage poly-centric development aiming to reverse the negative effects of expansionism and suburbanization.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Transportation and Policy Development: A Study for Impact Analysis of Mobility Patterns and Neighborhood Assessment of Walking Behavior

et al. 2021

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Since rapid growth and car-oriented patterns became a global threat and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) levels are advancing, strategies to redesign the built environment into healthier spaces have gained importance. Walkability plays a central role in this context. However, the literature is dominated by studies from western industrialized countries. In this paper, we employed structural equational modeling to analyze perceptual data collected from different neighborhoods of Muscat. We compared the responses regarding environmental attributes to the frequency of walking for transport. We found that land use mix combined with low residential density are the factors that have the highest impact on pedestrian activity. Conversely, the estimates of the pedestrian infrastructure were surprisingly low, suggesting that, in car dominant societies, walking perceptions are affected by drivers’ perspectives.

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Guidelines for a Polycentric Region to Reduce Vehicle Use and Increase Walking and Transit Use

Cited by 42 publications

References 52 publications

Does Density Aggravate the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Does Density Aggravate the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Association of built environment attributes with the spread of COVID-19 at its initial stage in China

Sustainable Transportation and Policy Development: A Study for Impact Analysis of Mobility Patterns and Neighborhood Assessment of Walking Behavior

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