Guidelines and evaluation indicators of urban ecological landscape construction

Abstract

The world忆s population is becoming urbanized as people migrate to the cities. It is expected that most urban growth will occur in less developed countries during the next decades. One of the major effects of rapid urban growth is " urban sprawl冶 that increases traffic, saps local resources and destroys open space. Urban sprawl is responsible for changes in the physical environment, and the form as well as spatial organization of cities. Urban ecosystems not only provide recreational and aesthetic values, but tangible benefits of clean air and water, conservation and reuse of natural resources, increased biodiversity, and other products that increase the livability of our communities. Creating sustainable urban ecosystems involves optimizing landscape constructions based on considerations that are ecological and social. The main goal of urban planning is to make all amenities and comforts available to the public without imposing many negative effects on society and environment, referred to as " sustainable growth 冶. Therefore, urban ecological landscape is drawing wide attention. Developing ecological landscapes will be capable of contributing to the advancement of technological and scientific solutions that can address the grand challenges of urbanization. However, there are lots of problems in existing urban ecological projects owing to lack of uniform guidelines and evaluation indicators of ecological landscapes. Therefore, it is important to build evaluation indicators used to guide urban ecological landscape construction. This paper reviews the progresses of ecological landscape research and summarizes the essential characteristics of urban ecological landscapes.

Accessibility Analysis of Urban Green Space: The Case of Erbil City

“…Their contribution to the environment is important. Urban green spaces improve the quality of the urban environment by regulating urban air temperature and humidity, preventing water pollution and urban air pollution, and maintaining biodiversity (Hirokawa, 2011;Sun et al, 2013;Watmough et al, 2013). Green spaces help store and process storm water, cool air temperature in the urban center, and provide habitats for a rich community of animal, plant, bird, aquatic and microbial species.…”

The Use of Remote Sensing to Quantitatively Assess the Visual Effect of Urban Landscape—A Case Study of Zhengzhou, China

“…The visual features beyond those indicators cannot be properly discussed. Meanwhile, qualitative methods are primarily social surveys with good locality [9,13,14]. However, these methods are difficult to quantify.…”