Guided wave based localization and severity assessment of in-plane and out-of-plane fiber waviness in carbon fiber reinforced composites

Thalapil, Jeslin; Sawant, Shruti; Tallur, Siddharth; Banerjee, Sauvik

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115932

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Carbon fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites [1,2] are extensively utilized across various industries, including aviation, aerospace, and defense, due to their exceptional characteristics such as superior specific strength, specific modulus, lightweight nature, fatigue resistance, and customizable design features. However, the growing utilization of these composite materials contributes to a significant volume of waste generated from cutting and end-of-service components [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Microwave Pyrolysis Recovery and Reuse Performance of Carbon Fiber Composites

Li,

Xu,

Ren

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Carbon fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites find extensive applications across various industries. However, their widespread use also generates significant waste, leading to resource depletion and environmental concerns. Studying the production of composite materials using recovered carbon fiber is imperative to mitigate the environmental impact associated with waste from carbon fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites and optimize resource utilization. In this study, carbon fiber was reclaimed using the microwave pyrolysis–oxidation process. The reclaimed carbon fiber underwent a cutting process to produce shorter carbon fibers tailored to specific requirements, which were then used to fabricate composite plates reinforced with epoxy resin. The mechanical characteristics of the composite were analyzed, along with SEM, XPS, infrared, Raman, and contact angle analyses conducted on the recovered carbon fiber. The test findings suggested minimal variation in the surface morphology of the recovered carbon fiber materials. Post-recovery, an increase in the quantity of oxygen-containing functional groups was observed on the carbon fiber surface. Additionally, the contact angle between the carbon fiber surface and the epoxy adhesive decreased. The mechanical properties of the composite produced from the recovered carbon fiber decreased, including the impact strength, tensile strength, and bending strength, with the impact strength dropping by 24.14%, tensile strength by 15.94%, and bending strength by 8.24%, while maintaining overall reusability, thus paving the way for the comprehensive utilization of carbon fiber resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Microwave Pyrolysis Recovery and Reuse Performance of Carbon Fiber Composites

Li,

Xu,

Ren

et al. 2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[ 1,2 ] Many high performance composite components are manufactured by stacking prepreg plies onto a rigid mold and then curing the preform in an autoclave. The processing of flat or low curvature thin composite component is generally not problematic, but severe fiber waviness defects often occur at sharp corners of thick component, [ 3–5 ] where the mechanical strength is also the weakest during service. When viscoelastic composite preform is uniformly pressurized during consolidation, its thickness reduces, and the plies tend to shear between each other to adapt to fiber path difference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite component incremental consolidation for fiber waviness inhibition and its effect on damage progression of curved beams

Zhang

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Severe fiber waviness defect often occurs during the consolidation process of fiber reinforced polymer composite component, which arises from that multiple interactional plies start to slide simultaneously and out‐of‐control under sufficient pressure. In this study, based on the significant in‐plane tension gradient along thickness of viscoelastic composite, a concept of incremental consolidation was proposed to actively inhibit fiber waviness in prepreg‐based composite component. Via applying a series of tiny step pressures continuously, plies were triggered to slide and consolidate layer by layer from top to bottom with a just‐right in‐plane tension and concurrent stresses relaxation. Incremental consolidation avoided the complex interaction among plies and allowed in‐plane tension to be significantly reduced by 165 times compared with autoclave processing with a constant pressure. The fiber waviness defects in a typical wing spar were successfully inhibited by the proposed method. The failure load of the component increased by 1.5 times and curved beam strength increased by 1.1 times while elastic displacement increased by 75%. The inhibition method was highly effective, easy to implement and affordable, which showed considerable promise to improve the manufacturability of the primary structural composite components.

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“…On the other hand, tracing fiber orientations in composites using ultrasound features has recently become a hot topic [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The existing inspection technologies can be categorized into two main directions, namely, the qualitive diagnosis of fiber waviness based on wave distortions in terms of time of flight and energy [ 24 , 25 ], and direct quantitative imaging of fiber orientations using instantaneous complex information of ultrasound (i.e., instantaneous amplitude, frequency and phase) [ 19 , 20 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Fiber Waviness in Thick Composites with Unknown Material Properties Using Probability-Based Ultrasound Non-Reciprocity

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2023

Materials

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Fiber waviness and voids may be produced in thick composites due to improper manufacturing conditions and consequently pose a risk of structural failure. A proof-of-concept solution for imaging fiber waviness in thick porous composites was proposed from both numerical and experimental studies, via calculating ultrasound non-reciprocity along different wave paths in a sensing network constructed by two phased array probes. Time-frequency analyses were conducted to reveal the cause of ultrasound non-reciprocity in wavy composites. Subsequently, the number of elements in the probes and excitation voltages was determined for fiber waviness imaging using the ultrasound non-reciprocity with a probability-based diagnostic algorithm. The fiber angle gradient was observed to cause ultrasound non-reciprocity and fiber waviness in the thick wavy composites were successfully imaged regardless of presence of voids. This study proposes a new feature for the ultrasonic imaging of fiber waviness and is expected to contribute to processing improvement in thick composites without prior knowledge of material anisotropy.

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Guided wave based localization and severity assessment of in-plane and out-of-plane fiber waviness in carbon fiber reinforced composites

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Research on Microwave Pyrolysis Recovery and Reuse Performance of Carbon Fiber Composites

Research on Microwave Pyrolysis Recovery and Reuse Performance of Carbon Fiber Composites

Composite component incremental consolidation for fiber waviness inhibition and its effect on damage progression of curved beams

Imaging of Fiber Waviness in Thick Composites with Unknown Material Properties Using Probability-Based Ultrasound Non-Reciprocity

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