Guided Self-Assembly and Control of Vortices in Ensembles of Active Magnetic Rollers

Kokot, Gašper; Sokolov, Andrey; Snezhko, Alexey

doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03023

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The strong hydrodynamic repulsion between rotating ferromagnetic microparticle chains leads to the formation of dynamic lattices, not a high-concentrated gathered state . The vortices can also be induced from an alternating magnetic field, where the particle density of the assembled pattern is adjusted by tuning the field parameters . The interface is a special site for swarm formation, where the capillary interaction plays a non-negligible role .…”

Section: Magnetically Driven Microrobotic Swarmmentioning

confidence: 99%

External Power-Driven Microrobotic Swarm: From Fundamental Understanding to Imaging-Guided Delivery

2021

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Untethered micro/nanorobots have been widely investigated owing to their potential in performing various tasks in different environments. The significant progress in this emerging interdisciplinary field has benefited from the distinctive features of those tiny active agents, such as wireless actuation, navigation under feedback control, and targeted delivery of small-scale objects. In recent studies, collective behaviors of these tiny machines have received tremendous attention because swarming agents can enhance the delivery capability and adaptability in complex environments and the contrast of medical imaging, thus benefiting the imaging-guided navigation and delivery. In this review, we summarize the recent research efforts on investigating collective behaviors of external power-driven micro/nanorobots, including the fundamental understanding of swarm formation, navigation, and pattern transformation. The fundamental understanding of swarming tiny machines provides the foundation for targeted delivery. We also summarize the swarm localization using different imaging techniques, including the imaging-guided delivery in biological environments. By highlighting the critical steps from understanding the fundamental interactions during swarm control to swarm localization and imaging-guided delivery applications, we envision that the microrobotic swarm provides a promising tool for delivering agents in an active, controlled manner.

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Section: Magnetically Driven Microrobotic Swarmmentioning

confidence: 99%

External Power-Driven Microrobotic Swarm: From Fundamental Understanding to Imaging-Guided Delivery

2021

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“…Controlled swarming holds considerable promises for both self-assembly of micro-/nanofabrications [52,53] and swarmed cooperation offers an efficient improvement in diverse application scenarios, including environmental remediation and biosensing, etc. [25,54] Since the proposed hybrid sonoelectrode has been validated to control the swarming for symmetric SM models, we finally demonstrated its capability to modulate group behaviors of another micromotor groups with structure asymmetry, for example, the classic tubular micromotors.…”

Section: Controlled Swarming Of Tubular Micromotorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Control for Micromotor Swarms with a Hybrid Sonoelectrode

Wei

et al. 2021

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field actuation, enabling various sophisticated tasks accomplished. [9][10][11][12] However, it is usually restricted to the precise manipulations for a small number of micromotors. Indeed, many practical application scenarios, taking microfluidic analysis and ultratrace biological detection, for example, [13,14] require quickly steering the motion of numerous micromotors together to achieve higher throughput and capacity.The micromotor swarm is attractive due to its enhanced capacity for precise enrichment and reinforced adaption to diverse working environments, illuminating more prospective in active chemical and biological detections, etc. [15][16][17] The pioneering collective behaviors were conceptually exploited using the self-propelled catalytic micromotors, of which colonies and interactions for subcellular microrobots were enabled by chemical reactions. [18] Even though the catalytic decomposition could create sufficient energy to power self-organizations for microrobots, such unsustainable process is difficult to control and the collective swarming cannot be reversed. [19,20] Recently, external fields including optical [21,22] and magnetic [23,24] stimulus were employed to trigger micromotors mimicking the swarm behaviors of microorganisms in nature. In particular, dynamic clustering, schooling, and reversible explosion have been demonstrated on spherical or tubular micromotors, whereas specific material properties are strongly required. [25] On the other hand, the acoustic field has been emerging as an attractive power source due to its favorable controllability and ideal compatibility to micromotors with various configurations and components. [26][27][28] Most recently, self-generated large bubbles were applied to attract micromotors to organize dandelion-like microswarms and achieve ultrafast locomotion in the acoustic field, but only a limited number of micromotors could be collected to perform irreversible group swarming. [29] Recent achievements on ultrasensitive and rapid biosensing reveal that ultrasound-powered microrobot swarming is promising for Raman enhancement and trace-level protein detections, [30][31][32][33] but issues including control efficiency and versatility still need to be addressed. Consequently, facilely modulating swarming behaviors of massive micromotors remains an unmet challenge and the universal control strategy for different micromotor swarms is still lacking.

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“…Additionally, a method not relying on harmonic confinement for guided self‐assembly and control of self‐organized colloidal roller vortices was realized [43] . It was shown that the structure of a vortex composed of rolling magnetic particles can be stabilized and effectively manipulated by means of an additional strongly localized alternating magnetic field provided by a mini‐coil (about 4 mm radius) aligned collinear with the main coil and operating at the same frequency.…”

Section: Assembly Of Spherical Rotorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown that the structure of a vortex composed of rolling magnetic particles can be stabilized and effectively manipulated by means of an additional strongly localized alternating magnetic field provided by a mini‐coil (about 4 mm radius) aligned collinear with the main coil and operating at the same frequency. By tuning the parameters of the localized field (phase and amplitude) that constituted a fraction of the driving field, the dimension and particle number density in the vortex could be controlled [43] . The roller vortex self‐organization is assisted by field‐induced magnetic “steering” rather than magnetic field gradients and is only possible while the system is in the active (magnetic rollers) state.…”

Section: Assembly Of Spherical Rotorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The roller vortex self‐organization is assisted by field‐induced magnetic “steering” rather than magnetic field gradients and is only possible while the system is in the active (magnetic rollers) state. In addition, parameters of the emergent vortex (size and density) are efficiently tuned by a phase shift between the alternating magnetic fields [43] …”

Section: Assembly Of Spherical Rotorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transport and Assembly of Magnetic Surface Rotors**

Tierno

Snezhko

2021

ChemNanoMat

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This minireview focuses on recent advances with surface magnetic rotors, namely field‐responsive spherical or anisotropic microparticles that translate close to, or are embedded in a confining surface. The application of external magnetic modulations allows these microscopic wheels to be remotely spun and steered while also tuning their interactions and inducing assembly from a collection of disordered, moving units. With optical microscopy one can observe and characterize the complex collective phenomena that emerge in dissipative colloidal systems driven far from equilibrium by external fields. From a technological point of view, magnetic surface rotors envisage implementation into microfluidic devices, and can be used for drug delivery, mixing as well as a model system for biological active matter.

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Guided Self-Assembly and Control of Vortices in Ensembles of Active Magnetic Rollers

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

External Power-Driven Microrobotic Swarm: From Fundamental Understanding to Imaging-Guided Delivery

External Power-Driven Microrobotic Swarm: From Fundamental Understanding to Imaging-Guided Delivery

Universal Control for Micromotor Swarms with a Hybrid Sonoelectrode

Transport and Assembly of Magnetic Surface Rotors**

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