Guided modes in negative-refractive-index fibres

Exotic Characteristics of Power Propagation in the Chiral Nihility Fiber

“…Its β/k 0 increases firstly and then decreases as V increases. This abnormal dispersion characteristic has not been found in chiral nihility planar waveguides [46] and in previous NIM circular waveguides [20][21][22][23][24]. Its normalized power is also positive.…”

“…It can be seen from Figs. 3, 5, and 6, the energy flux change sign at the interface between the core and cladding, which has been known in NIM waveguides, including slab [14], grounded slab [19], and fiber [20]. However, for m = 1 guided mode, besides the interface, the energy flux S z also changes sign in the cladding (air) for smaller V (Figs.…”

“…It means these modes have same propagation constant (mode matching or perfect phase matching) at crossing point V = 1.695. Mode matching can be applied for polarization-intensive, efficient fiber-to-planar waveguide coupling, and improvement of mode conversion efficiency [20]. Figures 3 and 4 show the energy flux S z and the amplitudes of electromagnetic field components at normalized frequency V = 1 for m = 0 surface mode.…”

“…NIM has many unique features [7] and fascinating potential applications such as perfect lens [8], cloaking [9], slow light [10], and novel devices [11,12]. Various NIM waveguides, including the slab [13][14][15][16], grounded slab [17][18][19], and circular [20][21][22][23][24] waveguides filled with NIMs in the core or cladding, have been investigated intensively. Many novel characteristics of electromagnetic waves in NIM waveguides were found.…”

Surface wave modes in single-negative metamaterials fibers

“…Due to their geometrical simplicity and important applications, the metamaterial circular waveguides (fibers) containing DNG materials in the core or cladding have been extensively studied [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The peculiar mode properties of a fiber with DNG core have been found, such as the perfect phase matching of the TE and TM slow modes, sign-varying energy flux, and the existence of TEM modes [16].…”