“…Digital devices such as computer, mobile phone and tablets are widely used. To ensure the quality of software, many research works have been conducted [13,40,65]. Most of these works focus on the functionality and usability of apps such as GUI design [16,19,21,35,64,104,112], GUI animation linting [109,110], localization [34,98,104], privacy and security [22,23,26,33], and performance [62,111].…”