Guided Bone Regeneration in Standardized Calvarial Defects in Rats Using Bio-Oss and β-Tricalcium Phosphate with Adjunct Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Therapy: A Real-Time In Vivo Microcomputed Tomographic, Biomechanical, and Histologic Analysis

Abstract

The objective of the present real-time in vivo experiment was to assess guided bone regeneration (GBR) in standardized calvarial defects using particulate graft material (Bio-Oss) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with adjunct recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF) therapy. Eighteen female Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean age and weight of 8 ± 0.53 weeks and 250 ± 0.49 g, respectively, were used. Following surgical exposure, a full-thickness standardized calvarial defect was created on the parietal bone using a trephine drill with an outer diameter of 4.6 mm. For treatment, rats were randomly divided into three groups (six rats per group): (1) control; (2) rhPDGF + Bio-Oss, and (3) rhPDGF + β-TCP. Volume of newly formed bone (NFB), bone mineral density (BMD) of NFB, volume of remnant bone particles, and BMD of remnant bone particles were assessed using in vivo microcomputed tomography. Measurements were made at baseline and at 2, 4, 6, and 10 weeks after the surgical procedures. At 10 weeks, all animals were sacrificed and calvarial tissues were assessed histologically. In the control group, a significant increase in BMD of NFB was observed at 6 weeks (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 0.32 ± 0.002 g/mm(3)) (P < .01) from baseline, and the defect did not regenerate completely. In the rhPDGF + Bio-Oss group, mean ± SD volume (2.40 ± 0.25 mm(3)) (P < .01) and BMD (0.13 ± 0.01 g/mm(3)) of NFB significantly increased at 4 weeks and 6 weeks, respectively, from baseline (P < .001). In the rhPDGF + β-TCP group, mean ± SD volume (2.01 ± 0.7 mm(3)) and BMD (0.12 ± 0.02 g/mm(3)) of NFB significantly increased at 4 weeks from baseline (P < .01). In the rhPDGF + Bio-Oss and rhPDGF + β-TCP groups, mean ± SD BMD of remnant bone particles (0.31 ± 0.11 g/mm(3) and 0.23 ± 0.01 g/mm(3)) showed significant reduction at 6 and 10 weeks, respectively, compared with baseline values (1.12 ± 0.06 g/mm(3) and 0.92 ± 0.01 g/mm(3), respectively) (P < .001). Histologic results at 10 weeks showed NBF in the rhPDGF + Bio-Oss and rhPDGF + β-TCP groups. In real time assessment, when rhPDGF was added to β-TCP, BMD and bone hardness significantly increased compared with the other two groups.

Histological and histomorphometric evaluation of efficacy of a polypropylene barrier in guided bone regeneration and modified guided bone regeneration in critical defects in rodent cranial vaults

“…A series of studies [212223] has evaluated several biomaterials to fill these defects, with no single biomaterial able to stimulate complete repair. In an experimental study evaluating the effect of GBR, on this type of defect, observed that the presence of a membrane was paramount for complete regeneration of the defect.…”

The Regenerative Applicability of Bioactive Glass and Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Transformation Perspective

“…The growth factors profoundly mediated the regulatory signal associated with growth and differentiation of the cells. The addition of β-TCP fostered both resorption of the membrane and quality of new bone [116]. In a different study, β-TCP blended with PLGA (poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)) and PCL displayed increased elastic modulus and surface roughness properties in a 3D printed membrane.…”

Guided bone regeneration with osteoconductive grafts and PDGF: A tissue engineering option for segmental bone defect reconstruction

“…6,18 Studies have reported better bone regeneration with adjunctive use of bone morphogenic proteins (BMP), platelet rich plasma (PRP), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 12,21,23,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] A common denominator among them all is the presence of growth factors (GFs) such as BMPs belonging to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily and PDGF. 22 Synthesized by platelets, osteocytes, and monocyte-macrophage cells, PDGF promotes chemotaxis and proliferation of osteoblasts during bone healing.…”