“…One focus has been on wayinding in indoor or outdoor environments, as well as hand guidance for object localization and acquisition with two types of haptic modality -vibration and force-feedback. The parameters of frequency, intensity, location, and pattern have been used to convey information about direction, distance, and obstacles, along with exploration of diferent form factors such as bracelets [19,31,36,61], belts [22,30,85], shoes [83], gloves [44,46,91,94], handheld devices [10,71,87], inger-worn devices [25,68,78], canes [84], and tiny drones [32].…”