Guide to Canine and Feline Electrocardiography

Willis, Ruth; Oliveira, Pedro F.; Mavropoulou, Antonia

doi:10.1002/9781119254355

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…T wave amplitude and duration are the repolarization of the ventricular myocardium and were found to be within the normal range in our study, as reported by earlier studies [16,18,21]. We also found that T wave can be positive or negative deflection in lead II of ECG, which has been found in normal dogs [23]. study were found to be in agreement with earlier reports [16,18,21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The effects of breed, age, sex, and body weight on electrocardiographic parameters in military working dogs

et al. 2020

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Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of breed, sex, age, and body weight on different electrocardiographic parameters in military working dogs (Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd). Materials and Methods: Electrocardiographic recordings (paper speed = 25 mm/s and calibration = 10 mm/mV) were performed to obtain all the standard bipolar limb leads (leads I, II, and III) and unipolar augmented limb leads (leads aVR, aVL, and aVF). A total of 16 Labrador Retrievers and 14 German Shepherds were restrained manually in the right lateral recumbency without any tranquilizer or anesthetic drug. Amplitude and duration of P, QRS, and T wave, PR and QT interval, mean electrical axis, and heart rate were measured in each recording. Results: There was no significant difference in electrocardiographic parameters across breed and sex. However, QRS duration tended to alter by breed (p<0.1) in Labrador Retrievers (0.04±0.005 s), which is lower than German Shepherds (0.05±0.005 s). PR interval was influenced by sex (p<0.1). PR interval was higher in females (0.13±0.005 s) than males (0.11±0.008 s). In addition, electrocardiographic values were not significantly affected by age and body weight, except that the amplitude of R wave was statistically affected by age (p<0.05). A correlation was found between the decrease in R wave amplitude and increase in age of dogs. Conclusion: Different electrocardiographic parameters were within the normal range. A significant effect of age was seen on amplitude of R wave. However, the effect of breed, sex, and body weight was not significant on different electrocardiographic parameters in Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd dogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The effects of breed, age, sex, and body weight on electrocardiographic parameters in military working dogs

et al. 2020

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“…Standard 6-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) (leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, and aVF) was recorded for ≥3 min in all felines using a computerized ECG monitor (Teb Eletrônica Brasileira, São Paulo, Brazil) at a speed of 50 mm/s calibrated to 10 mm/mV. ECGs were evaluated for changes in T-wave and ST-segment amplitude, arrhythmias and conduction disorders, and heart rate and rhythm [29].…”

Section: Cardiac Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical, electrolytic, and cardiovascular evaluations in cats with urethral obstruction

et al. 2021

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Background and Aim: Urethral obstruction (UO) is a common condition in feline medicine. Severe acid-base and electrolyte disorders promote relevant electrocardiographic changes in these animals. Cardiac biomarkers such as cardiac troponin I have been shown to be useful in identifying cats with myocardial disease, but it has not been investigated whether UO leads to myocardial damages. This study aimed to evaluate biochemical changes, electrocardiographic findings, troponin I measurements, and electrolyte disturbances for 7 days in cats with UO. Materials and Methods: This follow-up prospective study included 33 cats diagnosed with UO for 7 days. For all cats, clinical examination, serum biochemistry, electrolyte analyses, blood pressure, and electrocardiography were performed. Cardiac troponin I was measured in the serum in 16 cats at 3 different times. Results: The mean age of the feline population was 1.83±1.58 years (mean±standard deviation). Creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, phosphorus, base excess, bicarbonate, and serum potassium decreased significantly (p≤0.05), while ionic calcium and blood pH increased significantly (p≤0.05) at different times. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were observed in 21/33 (63.63%) of the felines on admission day. The electrocardiographic abnormalities were no longer observed on the subsequent days. Only one feline showed changes in troponin I cardiac concentrations. Conclusion: This study suggests the sum and severity of electrolyte abnormalities aggravate the clinical and cardiovascular status of these patients. However, cTnI, blood pressure, and heart rate within the reference range do not exclude the presence of major cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities. The hyperglycemia in felines with UO appears to be associated with decreased renal clearance, which may reflect the severity of hyperkalemia and azotemia. The metabolic and cardiovascular changes of these felines are minimized by the establishment of appropriate intensive care; however, cardiac and blood gas monitoring is essential to assess the severity of the disease.

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“…Concomitant cardiac disease may result in a more severe presentation. 5 This case report describes the successful management of a dog with severe biventricular CHF and advanced 2AVB, with a focus on anaesthetic considerations and the challenges encountered throughout treatment. Three main anaesthetic considerations are discussed, in relation to both advanced 2AVB and CHF: 1) Hypoxaemia and hypoventilation: oxygen supplementation should be provided immediately for patients showing signs of respiratory distress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the slow escape rhythm (bradyarrhythmia) can have a negative impact on cardiac output (CO) and blood pressure (BP) resulting in clinical signs including depressed mentation, lethargy, and congestive heart failure (CHF). Concomitant cardiac disease may result in a more severe presentation 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaesthetic and perioperative management of a dog with biventricular congestive heart failure and advanced second‐degree atrioventricular block

Foster

Seo

Veres-Nyéki

2021

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 7-year-old male neutered Cocker Spaniel presented with a 6-h history of severe tachypnoea. Cardiac evaluation revealed advanced second-degree atrioventricular block (2AVB) and biventricular congestive heart failure (CHF). Due to concerns of impending respiratory arrest, mechanical ventilation (MV) and emergency transvenous pacemaker implantation were planned. General anaesthesia was achieved using methadone premedication, midazolam and etomidate induction and isoflurane in oxygen maintenance. On intubation, large volumes of serosanguinous fluid poured from the airway with haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SPO 2 ) reading 10%. Suctioning of the airway and initiation of MV improved SPO 2 to 85%. Temporary cardiac pacing was achieved with transthoracic pacing pads. Following uneventful pacemaker implantation, the dog continued on MV for 12 h with gradual resolution of pulmonary oedema assessed using serial thoracic ultrasound. The dog was successfully discharged 24 h later. This report highlights anaesthetic considerations and management of a critically ill bradycardic dog, with biventricular CHF.

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Guide to Canine and Feline Electrocardiography

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

The effects of breed, age, sex, and body weight on electrocardiographic parameters in military working dogs

The effects of breed, age, sex, and body weight on electrocardiographic parameters in military working dogs

Biochemical, electrolytic, and cardiovascular evaluations in cats with urethral obstruction

Anaesthetic and perioperative management of a dog with biventricular congestive heart failure and advanced second‐degree atrioventricular block

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