Guidance on the assessment of exposure of operators, workers, residents and bystanders in risk assessment of plant protection products

Charistou, Agathi; Čoja, Tamara; Craig, Peter; Hamey, Paul Y.; Martin, Sabine; Sanvido, Olivier; Chiusolo, Arianna; Colas, Mathilde; Istace, Fréderique

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7032

Cited by 65 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…The non‐dietary exposure assessment of pirimicarb was discussed at the Pesticides Peer Review Experts' Teleconference 89 in September 2022, based on the following guidance documents: EFSA, 2014b , EFSA PPR Panel, 2017 and EFSA, 2022b .…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the renewal use on ornamentals in greenhouses, the predicted systemic exposure estimates using the new EFSA calculator (EFSA, 2022b ) are above the AAOEL for upward spraying (high ornamentals, e.g. on shelves or staggered plant pots), and below the (A)AOEL for downward spraying (low ornamentals), considering appropriate PPE and respiratory protective equipment (RPE).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Model : EFSA (2015) for outdoor uses (last version of calculator from EFSA, 2014b ) and EFSA, 2022b for indoor uses (ornamentals)…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the renewal use on ornamentals in greenhouses, the predicted systemic exposure estimates using the EFSA calculators (EFSA, 2014b , 2022b ) are above the AOEL for a worker performing cutting and harvesting activities when wearing normal workwear and using gloves. A period of 9 days after one application and 12 days after three applications is required to result in predicted systemic exposure below the AOEL.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A period of 9 days after one application and 12 days after three applications is required to result in predicted systemic exposure below the AOEL. For a worker performing inspection and maintenance activities (8 h, wearing normal workwear and gloves), a re‐entry interval of 8 days after one application and 10 days after three applications is required to obtain a predicted systemic exposure below the AOEL (EFSA, 2022b ). For a worker performing inspection and irrigation activities (2 h, wearing normal workwear), a systemic exposure below the AOEL is predicted for a 14‐day interval between applications (EFSA, 2022b ) or when only one application is performed (and re‐entry is done on the day of application after the product has dried).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statement concerning the review of the approval of the active substance pirimicarb

2023

EFS2

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On 26 August 2022, the European Commission asked EFSA to provide scientific and technical assistance according to Article 21(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 concerning the review of the approval of the active substance pirimicarb and to deliver a statement on whether the applicable approval criteria may still be considered fulfilled, taking into consideration the information submitted by the applicant and the assessment of the rapporteur Member State, Sweden and, where applicable, the results of a discussion with experts from Member States. The current statement contains a summary of the main findings of the assessment of the risks to consumers from the exposure to metabolites of pirimicarb through dietary intake, the risks to human health through non‐dietary exposure and the acute risk to birds from the representative uses of pirimicarb assessed for the first approval and additionally, from the representative uses as submitted as part of the renewal of approval. Concerns are reported where identified.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Model : EFSA (2015) for outdoor uses (last version of calculator from EFSA, 2014b ) and EFSA, 2022b for indoor uses (ornamentals)…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statement concerning the review of the approval of the active substance pirimicarb

2023

EFS2

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Protection by ordinary light clothing against pesticide spray drift for bystanders and residents

Felkers

Küster

Adham³

et al. 2023

J Consum Prot Food Saf

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There are stringent EU regulatory requirements to assess pesticide exposure to bystanders and residents to direct spray drift. A “light clothing” adjustment factor (AF) of 0.82 is applied in the exposure assessment, based on simple assumptions for covered body surface and penetration through clothing. To assess the appropriateness of the AF, we collated data from 32 field studies. The mean and 25th percentile % reduction from ordinary light clothing (“reduction %”) in children and adults for all crops and standard and drift-reducing nozzles were 42.7% and 36.2%, resulting in AF of 0.573 and 0.638, respectively. Sources of variation were investigated, e.g. crop type, leaf coverage, buffer, spray pressure, and nozzle type, which indicated that reduction % could be impacted by several conditions. The reduction % is similar between crops; therefore, a single AF value covering all crops can be derived. One exception was for early-stage vineyard scenarios (the reduction % is lower (27%) than late stage (42–47%)) and could be considered individually to avoid unnecessary conservatism for the other scenarios. This evaluation demonstrates the current AF to be overly precautionary, and a more realistic, exposure scenario-relevant value could be applied for bystander/resident risk assessments.

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Novel field data for exposure of bystanders and residents towards spray drift during application of plant protection products in orchards

Ahrens,

Röver,

Molnar

et al. 2023

J Consum Prot Food Saf

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Exposure to pesticide spray drift during the application of plant protection products (PPP) in orchards poses potential health risks to bystanders and residents. To address this concern, this study aimed to gather novel field data on exposure to spray drift in orchards. The research was conducted by the Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), and the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR). From 2018 to 2021, the method for conducting the field trials and analysis was implemented. The data from multiple series of performed field trials conducted between 2021 and 2022 allowed for collecting data on potential dermal exposure (PDE), inhalation exposure, and ground sediment. The trials considered various distances from the treatment area and drift-reducing techniques. Adult and child mannequins were used to simulate bystanders’ exposure, and petri dishes were used to measure ground sediment. The results showed that drift reduction settings (75% drift reduction) considerably reduced exposure levels on the mannequins. Furthermore, a strong correlation between PDE values for adults and children located next to each other at the same distance was observed. This finding suggests a possibility to convert exposure results from adult to child mannequins. The study produced realistic exposure data for bystanders and residents next to a treated area. It contributes to a better understanding of exposure risks from PPP application and includes data for different distances and spray drift reducing technique. If taken into account for further development of the current risk assessment models, new risk management options for the safe application of PPP, including buffer strips or application of drift reducing systems, might be available in near future.

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Guidance on the assessment of exposure of operators, workers, residents and bystanders in risk assessment of plant protection products

Cited by 65 publications

References 46 publications

Statement concerning the review of the approval of the active substance pirimicarb

Statement concerning the review of the approval of the active substance pirimicarb

Protection by ordinary light clothing against pesticide spray drift for bystanders and residents

Novel field data for exposure of bystanders and residents towards spray drift during application of plant protection products in orchards

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