Guidance and counselling in various societies: Structures and developments, problems and solutions

School Counselors in International School: Critical Issues and Challenges

“…Within this context, adaptability to the more intensive educational setting becomes further challenged. Martin (1993) notes that student mental health needs resulting from difficulty in adapting may be evidenced in substance abuse, suicide, family conflict, identity development problems, and other emotional-related difficulties. Although thriving educationally, students may struggle with developing a personal identity where emotional resources (e.g., family supports) for personal growth are not always available.…”

“…However, the differing educational and academic demands placed on these professionals limit attention to the emotional health and wellbeing of the students they serve (Martin 1993). In this context, school counselors provide an excellent resource for understanding and addressing the needs of troubled youth.…”

Perspectives on Ecological Context, Social Policy, and Career Guidance

“…They include (a) the use of psychosocial counseling for the unemployed with the collaboration of trade unions in the State of Bremen in Germany (Kieselbach & Lunser, 1990); (b) the nationwide network of Public Employment Security offices (PESO) in Japan that provide a three-tier system of interventions for job applicants tied to the levels ofjob knowledge and needs for assistance displayed by these applicants (Watanabe, Masaki, & Kamiichi, 1990); (c) the design of specialized career guidance services in Japan for women returning to the workforce and students dropping out of school in a nation in which the type and level of career opportunity are tied directly to the prestige of the level of education and institution from which it was obtained (Watanabe & Herr, 1993); (d) the use of a nationwide telephone information service incorporating 3to 5-minute information messages on aspects of career planning, implementation, and adjustments to help offset the decreased availability of career counselors in Australia (Pryor, Hammond, & Hawkins, 1990); and (e) the delivery of career counseling to remote locations in Canada through distance learning (Cahill & Martland, 1995). There are many other examples that could be cited as creative approaches to career guidance in nations around the world (Martin, 1993). In many instances, these approaches have been stimulated by or shaped by ecological contexts that are interpreted and expressed through national policies and legislation.…”

Evaluation of psycho-social counselling in schools

“…The doctor's thesis does not seem to be the final result of a full university course in counselling (which is understandable because of the lack of independent Departments of counselling and professors fully devoted to our profession, see Martin, 1993b). The doctor's thesis does not seem to be the final result of a full university course in counselling (which is understandable because of the lack of independent Departments of counselling and professors fully devoted to our profession, see Martin, 1993b).…”