Guía de Actuación en Anafilaxia en Latinoamérica. Galaxia-Latam

Abstract

La anafilaxia es una reacción alérgica grave de instauración rápida y potencialmente mortal. Sus manifestaciones clínicas son muy variadas, pudiendo afectar la piel, el sistema cardiovascular, el aparato respiratorio y el digestivo, entre otros. El tratamiento de elección, mediante la inyección intramuscular de adrenalina, debe ser precoz. Por lo anterior, es vital estar preparados para reconocerla adecuadamente. El objetivo de la presente guía de actuación clínica es mejorar el conocimiento de los profesionales sanitarios sobre anafilaxia y, consecuentemente, optimizar el tratamiento y manejo a largo plazo de esta entidad. La guía está adaptada a las peculiaridades de América Latina, especialmente en los aspectos relativos al tratamiento. Se destaca la necesidad de introducir los autoinyectores de adrenalina en los países que no dispongan de ellos.

Prevalence of Food-Hypersensitivity and Food-Dependent Anaphylaxis in Colombian Schoolchildren by Parent-Report

“…This last could be influenced by the previous lack of guidelines for the management of anaphylaxis and the lack of epinephrine auto-injectors for sale in most Latin American countries [ 2 ]. Recently (March 2019), guidelines for the management of anaphylaxis for the Latin America area were published and were endorsed by the “Colombian Association of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology” [ 42 ]; however, there is still a limited availability of commercial epinephrine auto-injectors in Colombia [ 2 ]. These circumstances suggest that it is highly probable that food-dependent anaphylaxis is not optimally managed in Colombia and highlights the need to improve the knowledge of health personnel to optimize the treatment and long-term management of this allergic condition.…”

Emergency treatment of peri‐operative anaphylaxis: Resuscitation Council UK algorithm for anaesthetists

“…Low‐dose intravenous adrenaline infusions were more effective than bolus dosing and were associated with a lower total dose requirement, lower incidence of biphasic reactions and a favourable safety profile [20–22]. For this reason and consistent with international guidelines, the RCUK peri‐operative algorithm recommends starting a low‐dose intravenous adrenaline infusion if the initial response to intravenous bolus adrenaline is suboptimal [1, 23, 24]. This should be given through a peripheral venous cannula if central venous access is not immediately available.…”

Global disparities in availability of epinephrine auto-injectors

“… 7 , 8 , 9 Anaphylaxis is still under-recognized and under-treated, in part, due to variability in diagnostic criteria across different guidelines. 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 As a consequence, this can lead to delays in treatment which can increase the risk of severe outcomes including death. The updated 2020 Anaphylaxis Guidance recently published by the WAO Anaphylaxis Committee seeks to address this by proposing updated diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis which have been accepted by 53 national and regional member societies of WAO.…”