Guests and Hosts Revisited

Abstract

This study evaluates the impact of all-inclusive trip experiences of tourists on their prejudicial attitudes toward their host. All-inclusive German travelers were probed for their attitudes toward their host at the time of arrival and before departure. Reasons for the differences between arrival and departure attitude scores were explored via multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and regression analyses. As opposed to the intergroup contact hypothesis that tourism would reduce prejudice and increase cross-cultural understanding, the findings indicate that structured, all-inclusive tour experiences of this sample of tourists increase prejudicial attitudes toward their host. Exploring potential reasons for such differences in pre- and post-arrival scores, the study reports that overall satisfaction with the vacation, service quality factors and the nature of all-inclusive tour might be responsible for such results. Enhanced with qualitative data from key informants, likely reasons are cautiously speculated using contact hypothesis and the notion of “cultural bubble.”

The social crisis aftermath: tourist well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak

“…The current study differs from previous research on tourist discrimination in that the stigmatized group is not characterized by a fixed trait or group membership-for example, their gender, age, race or ethnicity (e.g., Jamaludin et al, 2018;Sirakaya-Turk et al, 2014;Ye et al, 2013). As noted by Ye et al (2013), the topic of perceived discrimination is vastly under-researched in the tourism sector, with most existing studies centering on the cultural factors (e.g., Jamaludin et al, 2018;Sirakaya-Turk et al, 2014;Ye et al, 2012aYe et al, , 2012bYe et al, 2013 ).…”

“…Discrimination toward members of a specific social group is not uncommon in many societies, referring to prejudiced beliefs and behaviors against a variety of stigmatized groups such as certain races/ethnicities (Zschirnt & Ruedin, 2016); women (Koch et al, 2015); lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people (Almeida et al, 2009); and the disabled (Dirth & Branscombe, 2019). In the tourism context, discrimination is often garnered as differential treatments of tourists based on their group traits such as ethnicity, race, cultural background, group status and physical appearance (e.g., Jamaludin et al, 2018;Sirakaya-Turk et al, 2014;Ye et al, 2013).…”

Slumming on Social Media? E-Mediated Tourist Gaze and Social Representations of Indian, South African, and Brazilian Slum Tourism Destinations

“…On the one hand, slum tours may promote positive experiences of contact with locals, which can modify tourists' attitudes, promote intercultural understanding, break the isolation of slum dwellers and challenge the stereotypes that threaten their identity [5]. On the other hand, stereotypes can be reinforced, sometimes even by locals, in the attempt to meet the quest for "authenticity" expressed by tourists, which is their intention to experience the local culture and the actual way of living in the slum [12,13,20].…”

COVID-19-induced discrimination toward tourists, emotional responses, and identity management strategies

“…Another study conducted by Tse and Tung (2020) found a significant association between residents' discrimination towards tourists and the likelihood of harmful and discriminatory responses. Other discrimination studies have focused on race, age, and gender-induced discrimination towards international tourists (Darcy, 2012;Jamaludin et al, 2018;Sirakaya-Turk et al, 2014;Ye et al, 2013). Min and Joireman (2021) conducted a study on discrimination in the hospitality industry that found black customers were more likely than white customers to interpret service failures as discrimination leading to anger.…”

“…This research considers a new form of discrimination precipitated by the pandemic and empirically examines its role as an antecedent within the proposed model. With prior studies on discrimination primarily focused on ethnicity, age, and gender (Jamaludin et al, 2018;Sirakaya-Turk et al, 2014;Ye et al, 2013), the current work highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourists' perceptions. Additionally, this study contributes to understanding the distinct behavioural outcomes associated with different emotions, specifically anger and disappointment, and how they may impact tourists' adoption of identity management strategies, namely, passing, revealing, and avoiding.…”