Guest-Induced Pore Breathing Controls Spin State in a Cyanido-Bridged Framework

Abstract

Iron(II) spin cross-over (SCO) compounds combine a thermally driven transition from the diamagnetic low spin (LS) state to the paramagnetic high-spin (HS) state with a distinct change in the crystal lattice volume. Inversely, if the crystal lattice vol-ume was modulated post-synthetically, the spin state of the compound could be tunable, resulting in the inverse effect for SCO. Herein, we demonstrate such a spin-state tuning in a breathing cyanido-bridged porous coordination polymer (PCP), where the volume change resulting from guest-induced gate-opening and -closing directly affects its spin state. We report a synthesis of the three-dimensional coordination framework {[FeII(4 CNpy)4]2[WIV(CN)8]·4H2O}n (1·4H2O; 4-CNpy = 4 cyanopyridine), which demonstrates a SCO phenomenon characterized by strong elastic frustration. This leads to the 48 K wide hysteresis loop above 140 K, but below this temperature results in a very gradual and incomplete SCO transition. 1·4H2O was activated under mild conditions, producing the nonporous {[FeII(4-CNpy)4]2[WIV(CN)8]}n (1) via a single-crystal-to-single-crystal process involving a 7.3% volume decrease, which shows complete and nonhysteretic SCO at T1/2 = 93 K. The low-temperature photoswitching behavior in 1 and 1·4H2O manifested the characteristic elasticity of the frameworks; 1 can be quantitatively converted into a metastable HS state after 638 nm light irradiation, while the photoactivation of 1·4H2O is only partial. Furthermore, nonporous 1 adsorbed CO2 molecules in a gated process, leading to {[FeII(4 CNpy)4]2[WIV(CN)8]·4CO2}n (1·4CO2), which resulted in a 15% volume increase and stabilization of the HS state in the whole temperature range down to 2 K. The demonstrated post-synthetic guest-exchange employing common gases is an efficient approach for tuning spin state in breathing SCO-PCPs.