Guest editorial

Rodríguez, Jenny K.; Ridgway, Maranda; Kemp, Linzi J.

doi:10.1108/gm-10-2019-186

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Mtb ferric-siderophore import 3.6.1 Overview-Iron assimilation is essential for Mtb growth and virulence. 50,97 However, import mechanisms for ferric mycobactins are poorly defined, as several necessary steps required for the import of mycobactins are unknown. One aspect of importing mycobactin that has been relatively well characterized is the role of IrtA/IrtB.…”

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IrtA/IrtB is a heterdimeric protein involved in both the import of ferric-carboxymycobactin into the Mtb cytoplasm and the reduction of iron in the ferric-carboxymycobactin complex to release iron into the cytoplasm. 97,98 3.6.2 Potential protein players in the periplasm-The current consensus is that hydrophobic mycobactins are cell-surface receptors or cell-wall associated and are involved in transporting ferric iron from the extracellular environment through the cell-wall environment. In support of this hypothesis, experiments show that ferric-carboxymycobactin can transfer its ferric iron cargo to mycobactin.…”

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…104 Alternatively, a more complicated mechanism is possible where iron dissociates from ferric-mycobactin or ferric-carboxymycobactin within the periplasm as observed in pyoverdine-mediated iron transport, where pyoverdine is one of the P. aeruginosa siderophores. [105][106][107][108] 3.6.3 Ferric-carboxymycobactin inner membrane permase -IrtA/IrtB-It has been shown that IrtA/IrtB is an inner membrane ABC heterodimeric transporter, which is critical for the import of Fe 3+ -carboxymycobactin from the Mtb periplasm to the cytoplasm, 97 Figure 8. We propose that ferric-carboxymycobactin bound to Mtb FecB or Mtb FecB2 directly transfers its ferric-carboxymycobactin cargo to the IrtA/IrtB complex for translocation to the cytoplasm.…”

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…109,110 IrtA and IrtB are predicted to have six and five TMs, respectively, and both have C-terminal ATPase domains. 97 IrtA and IrtB likely form a heterodimeric ABC transporter based on their similarity to the Y. pestis iron transporter, YbtPQ. 111 IrtA has an additional domain at its N-terminus, which is predicted to be a cytoplasmic ferric-siderophore reductase domain (IrtA-NTD) (discussed further in section 3.6.4).…”

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…111 IrtA has an additional domain at its N-terminus, which is predicted to be a cytoplasmic ferric-siderophore reductase domain (IrtA-NTD) (discussed further in section 3.6.4). 97,110 Mutational analysis demonstrates that both IrtA and IrtB are required for fully functional Mtb iron import, however, the exact role of IrtA and IrtB are still not fully resolved. 97 Under iron deplete conditions, inactivation of IrtB alone or both IrtA/IrtB led to significant growth defects.…”

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron Acquisition in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Chao¹,

Sieminski²,

Owens

et al. 2018

Chem. Rev.

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The highly contagious disease tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which has been evolving drug resistance at an alarming rate. Like all human pathogens, Mtb requires iron for growth and virulence. Consequently, Mtb iron transport is an emerging drug target. However, the development of anti-TB drugs aimed at these metabolic pathways have been restricted by the dearth of information on Mtb iron acquisition. In this review, we describe the multiple strategies utilized by Mtb to acquire ferric iron and heme-iron. Mtb iron uptake is a complex process, requiring biosynthesis and subsequent export of Mtb siderophores, followed by ferric iron scavenging and ferric-siderophore import into Mtb. Additionally, Mtb possesses two possible heme uptake pathways, and an Mtb-specific mechanism of heme degradation that yields iron and novel heme-degradation products. We conclude with perspectives for potential therapeutics that could directly target Mtb heme and iron uptake machineries. We also highlight how hijacking Mtb heme and iron acquisition pathways for drug import may facilitate drug transport through the notoriously impregnable Mtb cell-wall.

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Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron Acquisition in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Chao¹,

Sieminski²,

Owens

et al. 2018

Chem. Rev.

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Advancing Women’s Empowerment in the Gulf: Pathways, Challenges, and Policy Implications

Aref,

Fallentine

2023

Gulf Studies

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This final chapter of the book provides insightful concluding remarks based on the valuable evidence presented on women’s empowerment and public policy. It emphasizes the need for evidence-based policies tailored to local values, collaboration between stakeholders, and gender-specific research to achieve sustainable progress in women’s empowerment. The chapter examines pathways to increase women’s empowerment, identifies challenges that need to be addressed, and offers recommendations for sustained engagement to promote women’s empowerment in the Arab Gulf States.

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