Guardians of immunity: NK cell-mediated defense in COVID-19 and post-COVID scenarios

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has left a lasting impact on global health, challenging communities, healthcare systems, and researchers worldwide. As we navigate this unprecedented crisis, this paper embarks on a multifaceted exploration of the pivotal role played by natural killer (NK) cells in the context of COVID-19. A significant portion of this paper is devoted to dissecting the nuanced role that NK cells assume in the context of COVID-19. From the initial acute infection to post-recovery immunity, NK cells emerge as critical players. We scrutinize the activation and dysregulation of NK cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection, shedding light on their potential contribution to disease severity. Moreover, we explore the fascinating landscape of post-COVID immunity, where NK cells are known to interact with adaptive immune responses, providing a foundation for long-term protection. In light of their central role, we investigate therapeutic strategies targeting NK cells in COVID-19 management, presenting an overview of current research efforts and their promise in mitigating disease progression. Lastly, we draw attention to research gaps, emphasizing the need for further investigation into NK cell dynamics during COVID-19. These gaps represent opportunities for advancing our understanding of NK cell biology and, by extension, enhancing our strategies for combating this global health crisis. This comprehensive exploration not only highlights the intricate interplay between NK cells and the COVID-19 pandemic but also underscores the importance of these innate immune warriors in shaping both the acute response and long-term immunity, ultimately contributing to the broader discourse surrounding the pandemic’s pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches.