Guanidine-functionalized cotton fabrics for achieving permanent antibacterial activity without compromising their physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility

Non-Leaching, Rapid Bactericidal and Biocompatible Polyester Fabrics Finished with Benzophenone Terminated N-halamine

“…The cytotoxicity of Cl-BPDMH finished PET fabrics was evaluated by a CCK-8 assay using NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, and rabbit skin irritation was carried out to evaluate their skin irritation according to our previous work[ 24 ].…”

“…To endow fabrics with antibacterial activity, ciprofloxacin [ 7 ], metal salts and nanoparticles [ 8 – 10 ], metallic oxide [ 11 ], rose Bengal [ 12 ], chitosan [ 13 – 15 ], betaine [ 16 , 17 ], surface stereochemistry [ 18 ], quaternary ammonium salt(QAS) [ 19 – 21 ]. dopamine-menthol [ 22 ], guanidine [ 23 , 24 ], and N -halamine [ 25 – 27 ] have been developed, and impressive achievements have been gained. Among them , N -halamine has become a popular antimicrobial due to its remarkable antibacterial activity against wide-spectrum pathogens even drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria [ 25 , 28 ], rapidly inactivating bacteria [ 29 ], and reproducible biocidal activity [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Medical textiles

“…Effective PHMB-based finishing agents are reported to be commercially available [259]. Research activity on guanidine-based antibacterial treatments continues, with the accent on their durability [260,261].…”

“…It is encouraging to be able to report on thorough testing of the durability of the effects of antibacterial treatment with silver nanoparticles, not least because it demonstrated continued high levels of antibacterial effectiveness after 50 cycles of laundering [233,271], and similarly a guanidine-functionalised cotton fabric [260] whereas just 10 Launder-Ometer V R (SDL Atlas, Rockville, S. Carolina, USA) washings used to be thought indicative of durability [272]; whilst 20 laundry cycles may be a helpful indicator in the early stages of trials [240], 50 cycles is better for making a more-realistic, final-performance claim. With 30-50 laundry cycles becoming more common in test reports, it is time for the higher number of treatments to be clearly specified and agreed upon as a minimum standard for durability claims, and where the treated fabrics are expected to be laundered in a hospital or commercial laundry, for the testing regime to match (or be shown to be comparable to) that type of laundry process.…”

Development of Antiviral CVC (Chief Value Cotton) Fabric

“…The adsorption of PHMB on cellulosic surface consists of a combination of typical Langmuir isotherms and Freundlich isotherms in a concentration-dependent manner, attributed to formation of monolayer aggregation and multilayer stacking of PHMB by electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding with a close 1:1 stoichiometry between charges [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. This accounts for its strong affinity to cellulosic fibers and good durability against abrasion and household laundering after fabrics coating [ 19 , 20 ]. Therefore, it has been reported to develop wash-durable antimicrobial fabrics coated with PHMB [ 21 ].…”