Guaiacyl Lignin Associated with Vessels in Aspen Callus Cultures

Wolter, Karl E.; Harkin, John M.; Kirk, T. Kent

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1974.tb03118.x

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This is consistent with the results of lignin analysis of cultured cells of gymnosperm (Brunow et al 1990(Brunow et al , 1993Fukuda et al 1988; Lange et al 1995) and angiosperm trees (Christiernin et al 2005;Higuchi and Barnoud 1966;Higuchi et al 1960;Wolter et al 1974;Zaprometov et al 1993). Normal developmental or constitutive lignins of gymnosperms and angiosperms are composed of guaiacyl and guaiacyl/ syringyl aromatic rings, respectively, while grass lignins contain significant amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl, as well as guaiacyl and syringyl units (Sarkanen and Hergert 1971).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In contrast, Higuchi et al (1960) found that a callus culture of the angiosperm tree, Paulownia tomentosa, yielded a lignin composed mainly of guaiacyl units with small amounts of syringyl units, indicating that its OCH 3 content was much lower than that of its corresponding woody tissues, although p-hydroxyphenyl units were not detected. Higuchi et al (1966), Wolter et al (1974), and Christiernin et al (2005) reported similar results for a number of cultured cell lines of angiosperm tree species including Populus tremuloides and Populus tremulaϫtremuloides. In addition, the lignin in Camellia sinensis cells cultured under heterotrophic conditions contained high levels of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin (Zaprometov et al 1993).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Occurrence of guaiacyl/p-hydroxyphenyl lignin in Arabidopsis thaliana T87 cells

Yamamura

Wada

Sakakibara

et al. 2011

Plant Biotechnology

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Abstruct Arabidopsis thaliana is the most widely used model plant in the area of plant biosciences, and the cell line T87 is one of the most commonly used lines in Arabidopsis cell cultures. The characteristics of lignins in cultured cells often differ from those of lignins in intact plants. To date, nothing is known about the lignins of T87 cells. In this study, we characterized lignins of T87 cells using six analytical methods; phloroglucinol staining, thioacidolysis, nitrobenzene oxidation, alkaline hydrolysis, and Klason and acetyl bromide methods. These analyses clearly showed that lignins of T87 cells are composed of guaiacyl and p-hydroxyphenyl units, and are quite different from lignin found in the Arabidopsis inflorescence stem, which is composed of guaiacyl and syringyl units. Materials and methods T87 cells and plant materialsT87 suspension-cultured cells were cultivated in 200 ml mJPL3 liquid medium according to Ogawa et al. (2008b) and harvested at 1-21 days after subculturing. The harvested T87 suspensioncultured cells were collected onto filter paper (Advantec Co., Ltd.) in a Buchner funnel. After removal of the medium, the collected cells were washed with 50 ml MilliQ water, dewatered by suction filtration for 30 s, weighed, and then stored in liquid nitrogen until use. In addition, T87 cells were maintained on mJPL3 agar medium and subcultured every 14 days. A. thaliana Columbia plants were cultivated under a 16-h light/8-h dark regime as reported previously (Nakatsubo et al. 2008a(Nakatsubo et al. , 2008b. Sample preparation for lignin analysesHarvested T87 suspension-cultured cells and A. thaliana inflorescence stems (60 days old, 30 cm in height) were individually freeze-dried, powdered with a pestle and mortar, and extracted with 95% methanol at 60°C until the color of the powdered cells changed from green to pale yellow. Then, the powders were further extracted successively with hexane and distilled water and freeze dried. Hereafter, these samples are referred to as extracts-free powders in this paper. Then, the extracts-free powders were dried in an oven at 60°C to constant weight. The lignins in the dried extract-free powders were then analyzed by thioacidolysis, nitrobenzene oxidation, alkaline hydrolysis, and Klason and acetyl bromide methods. Chemicals InstrumentationCells were observed under an Olympus BX51 microscope (Olympus Co., Ltd), and images were obtained using a digital camera (Olympus DP71, Olympus Co., Ltd.) connected to the microscope.GC-MS was performed using a Shimadzu QP-5050A GC-MS system (Shimadzu Co., Ltd.). The GC-MS conditions were as follows: Shimadzu Hicap CBP10-M25-0.25 column (25 mϫ 0.22 mm); carrier gas, helium; injection temperature, 230°C; oven temperature, 40°C at tϭ0 to 2 min, then to 230°C at 40°C min Ϫ1; ionization, electron-impact mode (70 eV). Absorbance was measured with a UV-1600PC UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Co., Ltd.). Phloroglucinol-hydrochloric acid stainingThe phloroglucinol-hydrochloric acid reaction was carried out according to the...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Occurrence of guaiacyl/p-hydroxyphenyl lignin in Arabidopsis thaliana T87 cells

Yamamura

Wada

Sakakibara

et al. 2011

Plant Biotechnology

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“…Further, the peaks become less distinct due to the absorbance characteristics of p-hydroxy benzoic acid groups occurring in aspen wood distorting the syringyl and guaiacyl spectra. Vessel walls and cell corner regions contain mostly guaiacyl residues (Wolter et al 1974;Musha and Goring 1975;Terashima 2000). This was evidenced by the UV spectra measured in middle lamella regions and vessel walls, which had their maximum at wavelengths of about 276 nm and by immunolabelling showing that these regions contain more condensed G lignin sub-units.…”

Section: Localisation Of Cell Wall Components In 35s-rolc Transgenicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, wood structure and cell wall composition of rolC transgenic and non-transformed aspen trees

Grünwald

Ruel

Joseleau

et al. 2001

Trees

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Morphology, wood structure and cell wall composition of 35S-rolC transgenic hybrid aspen (P. tremula×tremuloides) were compared with non-transformed control trees. The transgenics are characterised by stunted growth, altered physiological parameters and light green leaves of reduced size. Histometric measurements revealed thinner fibre walls as compared to the controls. UV microspectrophotometry of individual wall layers did not reveal distinctive differences in the lignification of xylem cells, but in the extremely thin-walled fibres of the transgenics the secondary walls were less lignified as revealed by KMnO 4 staining in transmission electron microscopy. In the transgenics the formation of xylem cells was delayed and the differentiation zone reduced to only a few rows. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed the deposition of lignins in less differentiated xylem cells as compared to the controls. The first labelling of condensed lignin appeared in cell corners and of non-condensed lignin in secondary walls near cell corners during the deposition of S1 polysaccharides. Because of alterations in the formation and differentiation of xylem cells, 35S-rolC transgenic aspen may be useful for studies on molecular factors controlling the differentiation continuum.Morphology, wood structure and cell wall composition of rolC transgenic and non-transformed aspen trees

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“…Coniferin turned out to be a much better substrate of these described P-glucosidases as syringin. This might be due to the fact that lignification especially concerned with tracheidal differentiation takes place in chick pea cell cultures essentially as it was observed in aspen cultures [18]. Further work will reveal whether j-glucosidases with preferential specificity for syringin are also detectable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of beta-Glucosidase Isoenzymes Possibly Involved in Lignification from Chick Pea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cell Suspension Cultures

1978

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Crude cell wall preparations from Cicer urietinurn L. cell suspension cultures show high activity for the hydrolysis of coniferyl alcohol P-D-glucoside (coniferin). Various 0-glucosidase activities could be solubilized from these preparations by 0.5 M NaCl treatment and one of these could be shown to possess a high activity for the hydrolysis of coniferin. The enzyme activities were purified to near homogeneity by Sephadex G-200 and CM-Sephadex chromatography. Isoelectric focussing indicated the occurrence of P-glucosidase isoenzymes with identical catalytic activity (PI 8.5 -10).Molecular weights were determined as 110000, with two subunits of 63000 and 43000. Maximum hydrolytic activity is at pH 5.The P-glucosidase isoenzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of various P-glucosides with aromatic aglycone structure and different sugar moieties. However, coniferin has been found to be one of the best substrates ( k , = 0.8 mM; V = 6 pmol . min-' . mg protein-') for these P-glucosidase isoenzymes. The data suggest that a P-glucosidase-catalyzed reaction might be involved in lignification of these plant cell cultures.

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Guaiacyl Lignin Associated with Vessels in Aspen Callus Cultures

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Occurrence of guaiacyl/p-hydroxyphenyl lignin in Arabidopsis thaliana T87 cells

Occurrence of guaiacyl/p-hydroxyphenyl lignin in Arabidopsis thaliana T87 cells

Morphology, wood structure and cell wall composition of rolC transgenic and non-transformed aspen trees

Characterization of beta-Glucosidase Isoenzymes Possibly Involved in Lignification from Chick Pea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cell Suspension Cultures

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