>b<Avaliação morfológica >i<ex vivo>/i< do tecido osteocondral da articulação metacarpofalangeana de equinos puro-sangue-inglês por métodos de imagem>/b<

Abstract

The equine metacarpophalangeal joint has a great range of motion being often affected by different manifestations of joint disease, amongst them articular cartilage erosions and/or crash of subchondral bone. These injuries may be considered the final result of a single traumatic injury, articular infection or a high number of stress cycles applied in athletic horses, resulting in osteoarthritis or ankylosis, with consequent loss of the animal for performing physical activities. Many diagnostic imaging methods have been used and correlated in order to delineate and diagnose the problems that affect the equine metacarpophalangeal joint. However, by only radiographic exam, the osteoarthritis usually is diagnosed in the advanced stages of disease, with a few possibilities of treatment and normally without success. The present project aimed to evaluate the osteochondral tissue of the metacarpophalangeal joint of Thoroughbreds by radiography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy, seeking the early identification of osteochondral changes haven´t associated with lameness. Forelimbs of 12 equine Thoroughbreds that were in constant and similar training, with ages between 35 and 61 months, whose death occurred by causes not related to analyzed limbs, were used in this project. Limbs were removed by the proper necropsy techniques and sectioned proximal to the radiocarpal joint. They were preserved by freezing in a-20ºC temperature, after thawed and refrigerated in a 4ºC temperature to acquire the physical exam and imaging techniques, that were performed in a maximum period of 24 hours, after the thawing of the anatomical parts. Thus, the articular surface and subchondral bone were evaluated by the different methods of imaging outlining the articular margin of the third metacarpus with the first phalanx. Furthermore, the osteochondral abnormality identified in each of the tests were classified in score tables by two blind assessors, determining an articular score by imaging exams that will be compared with each other. Results showed that ultrasound and MRI showed the highest score of injury or change in Thoroughbreeds' metacarpophalangeal joints, with greater dispersion of data especially when compared to radiography, that obtained the lowest score, with a lower variation. Arthroscopy was the one that most approached both evaluators and, together with the articular physical exam, presented absence or minimal alterations, considering the average of the joints, being statistically equal. There was no statistical difference between the degree of injury when compared both forelimbs. Conclusion shows that all horses included in the study presented, to a lesser or greater degree, alterations in all the imaging exams, being that only by the ultrasonography and MRI, on average, such alterations were considered with mild to moderate degree, and both of which may be considered as early identification tests aimed for alterations of the osteochondral tissue of the Thoroughbreeds' metacarpophalangeal joint in ...

Polarographic Study of Alkyl Hydroperoxides

“…2 Present address, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan. for this purpose, similar studies with solid electrodes have apparently not been made. All of the present work was done with the rotating platinum electrode using the current-scanning technique previously described (1,6). Similar results can be secured using conventional voltage-scan polarography, but it is believed that more reproducible results were obtained with less effort using the new technique, o-and p-phenylenediamine were chosen for study because the diamine-diimine couple represents a highly unstable organic redox system.…”