GSH‐Responsive Radiosensitizers with Deep Penetration Ability for Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Synergistic Radio‐Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Radiotherapy (RT) utilizes the non‐invasive and high penetration X‐ray as the energy source to eliminate deep‐seated tumors. The efficacy of RT can be optimized by designing effective radiosensitizers and synergizing with other treatment methods. Glutathione (GSH)‐responsive radio‐sensitizing nanovesicles are designed with size‐transformability via self‐assembly of gold‐manganese oxide Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) encapsulating the near‐infrared fluorescence (NIR) dye (IR1061). In the presence of GSH, JNP vesicles (Ves) dissociate into smaller gold (Au) NPs and manganese ion (Mn2+) that not only penetrate into the deeper layers of the tumor but also deplete the GSH and trigger chemodynamic therapy (CDT) through a Fenton‐like reaction, which augments the efficacy of RT. In addition, the IR1061 released from the disintegrated nanostructures fluoresces in the NIR‐II window, and along with photoacoustic (PA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables high precision tumor detection. The combination of JNP Ve and X‐ray irradiation achieves multimodal image‐guided ablation of subcutaneous as well as deep‐seated tumors in murine models. Therefore, this novel multimodal image‐guided RT/CDT therapeutic platform is a promising strategy in high‐precision tumor therapy.

One-Pot Preparation of Highly Dispersed Second Near-Infrared J-Aggregate Nanoparticles Based on FD-1080 Cyanine Dye for Bioimaging and Biosensing

“…request of the author prior to copyediting and composition. FD-1080 cyanine dyes were synthesized according to previous report 30 CCS Chemistry interaction among the dye molecules, there are mainly two aggregation states of FD-1080 cyanine dyes, Haggregates and J-aggregates. H-aggregated molecules are formed by "head-to-head" sandwich arrangement and exhibit blue-shifted absorbance wavelength.…”

“…Inorganic materials including single-walled carbon nanotubes [17][18] , quantum dots [19][20][21] , rare earth down-shifting nanoparticles [22][23][24] , generally contain heavy metal elements with potential biotoxicity caused by slow excretion and long retention time in organisms, which are not conducive to clinical transformation. In contrast, organic materials including polymers [25][26] , donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) dyes [27][28] , cyanine dyes [29][30][31][32][33] , are promising for clinical transformation due to their small molecular weight and flexible molecular design. So far, some organic fluorescent probes have been developed for NIR-II imaging, including the commercially available dyes ICG 29 , IR1061 30 , S01452 31 , etc.…”

“…In contrast, organic materials including polymers [25][26] , donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) dyes [27][28] , cyanine dyes [29][30][31][32][33] , are promising for clinical transformation due to their small molecular weight and flexible molecular design. So far, some organic fluorescent probes have been developed for NIR-II imaging, including the commercially available dyes ICG 29 , IR1061 30 , S01452 31 , etc. and newly synthesized dyes FD-1080 32 , LZdyes 33 , BTC-dyes 34 and CX-dyes 35 , etc.…”

Recent Advances in Multimodal Molecular Imaging of Cancer Mediated by Hybrid Magnetic Nanoparticles

“…In another approach, Lin et al [ 96 ] designed glutathione-sensitized nanoplatforms that are able to modify their size and adjust their radiosensitisation to perform imaging-guided radio- and chemotherapy. These systems were synthesized by attaching gold and manganese oxide Janus nanoparticles that encapsulated fluorescent molecules capable of emitting in the near-infrared window.…”

“… NIR and MRI mice images after administration of Janus nanoparticles. Adapted with permission from [ 96 ], Copyright 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH. …”