Growth Zones in the Echinoid Skeleton

Pearse, John S.; Pearse, Vicki B.

doi:10.1093/icb/15.3.731

Cited by 137 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In regular sea urchins, age is also commonly determined by microscopic examination of a thin section of charred skeletal plate mounted on a slide under transmitted light (Heatfield 1971, Yoo et al 1982, Chung & Natsukari 1995, Gebauer & Moreno 1995, Hong & Chung 1998, Sellem et al 2000, Sano et al 2001. From this section a series of light and dark bands can be identified under reflected light, and the bands are used for age determination as well as for revealing patterns of skeletal growth (Birkeland & Chia 1971, Pearse & Pearse 1975, Brykov & Parasyna 1978, Lane & Lawrence 1982, Duineveld & Jenness 1984. Gage (1990) estimated skeletal growth rates of a deep-sea brittle star by analyzing light and dark bands formed on vertebral arm ossicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…through increases in plate size (Pearse & Pearse 1975, Seilacher 1979. Seasonal changes in plate growth often result in alternation of light and dark bands on the plate owing to the differing growth rates between warm and cold seasons (Brykov & Parasyna 1978, Gage 1990, 1991.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seasonal changes in plate growth often result in alternation of light and dark bands on the plate owing to the differing growth rates between warm and cold seasons (Brykov & Parasyna 1978, Gage 1990, 1991. According to Pearse & Pearse (1975) and Gage (1991), the dark or opaque bands (slow growth) form in winter, while light or translucent bands (fast growth) form in summer when water temperatures are warmer. Consequently, the plate banding patterns have been used in studies of age determination of regular as well as irregular sea urchins (Brykov & Parasyna 1978, Gage 1991, Sano et al 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Use of plate growth measurement for the estimation of skeletal growth of two sand dollars, Astriclypeus manni (Verrill 1867) and Clypeaster japonicus (D^|^ouml;derlein 1885), in Jeju, Korea

Kang

Yang²,

Park

et al. 2007

Plankton Benthos Res

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Use of plate growth measurement for the estimation of skeletal growth of two sand dollars, Astriclypeus manni (Verrill 1867) and Clypeaster japonicus (D^|^ouml;derlein 1885), in Jeju, Korea

Kang

Yang²,

Park

et al. 2007

Plankton Benthos Res

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“…Plate growth occurs through peripheral accretion onto each existing plate [22,25,26]. Depending on their position in the skeleton, plates exhibit different growth patterns and rates [25,27].…”

Section: Plate Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on their position in the skeleton, plates exhibit different growth patterns and rates [25,27]. Growth lines on a plate correspond with, and so, can be used to enumerate plates inserted subsequent to it [26]. Thus, in our computational model plate growth is initiated after new plates are added and Results from our computational model show similarities between the interambulacral plate patterns of A. punctulata and the soapbubble analogy: a) a slow plate growth matches the adoral plates; b) faster growth rates match more closely the aboral plates.…”

Section: Plate Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descartes, Plateau, and sea urchins

Chakra

Stone

2008

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Sea urchin skeletons (tests) exhibit pentamerous symmetry, a pattern that emerges from the beautiful and intricate arrangements among the plates of which they are composed. Plate patterns and test shapes have proven difficult to explain and describe solely on the basis of any one process. Using theoretical morphology, the discipline that involves using mathematical modelling and computer simulation to describe growth and form, we introduce a new computational model that utilises the manner with which soap bubbles interact in close-packing formation to emulate plate addition, shift, gapping and growth. The computational model is governed by close-packing configuration (Descartes circle theorem) and soap bubble interactions (Plateau's Laws). Through this analogy, our computational model can be used to describe the evolutionary morphological changes observed in sea urchin skeletons.

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Echinoderms and Oligo‐Miocene Carbonate Systems: Potential Applications in Sedimentology and Environmental Reconstruction

Kroh

Nebelsick

2012

Carbonate Systems During the Oligocene–Miocene Climatic Transition

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Echinoderms represent a major ecological component and contribute considerably to Oligocene-Miocene carbonate sediments, both as macrofossils and as skeletal grains. The skeletal morphology of all five extant echinoderm classes (echinoids, asteroids, ophiuroids, crinoids, holothuroids) is reviewed. Disarticulated skeletal elements are much more common in sediments than articulated specimens for all echinoderm classes except for echinoids; studies relying on complete specimens alone may be severely biased. The reproduction and growth of echinoderms, the composition of the skeleton, and the crystallography and diagenesis of echinoderm ossicles are reviewed. The echinoderm skeleton consists of high-Mg calcite with 3-18.5 wt% Mg. The skeleton exhibits strong interlacing of microcrystalline calcite with organic material and nonrandom orientation of crystals, achieving considerable hardness and durability. Echinoderm biostratinomy and the identification of disarticulated material are considered. The echinoderm origin of sediment particles can usually be recognised by their characteristic microstructure. Due to the high degree of specialisation, disarticulated remains can often be identified to family or genus level, leading to a more accurate picture of spatial and temporal echinoderm distributions.Echinoderm geochemistry is reviewed with respect to the Mg-content of the skeleton as a palaeotemperature proxy, and the Mg/Ca ratio as a monitor of ancient seawater composition; Sr/Ca ratios and carbon and oxygen stable-isotopes are considered. The echinoderm skeleton is altered during diagenesis and is transformed to low-Mg calcite. The microstructure of the skeleton is largely unaffected by this process, but changes in the isotopic signature and minor/trace-element contents may occur. These factors, together with physiological effects of isotope intake, hamper geochemical applications. However, echinoderms have been used successfully in studies of Phanerozoic seawater chemistry: the Mg and Sr contents of echinoderm skeletons apparently strongly correlate with temperature. Asteroids and ophiuroids are probably best suited for palaeotemperature reconstructions because of the lack of known fractionation within the skeleton and because genetic effects are less pronounced than in echinoids. Controlled laboratory experiments are needed to establish calibrations.Echinoderm remains may account for 5-30 % of the particles within specific Oligocene and Miocene carbonate facies. They seem to be more abundant in temperate shelf carbonates than in tropical settings. Diagenetic changes associated with echinoderm ossicles strongly affect the embedding sediment and promote lithification. Bioerosion by grazing echinoids is important for carbonate budgets in coral reefs and influences the modal size-distribution of sediments by the production of carbonate mud. Burrowing echinoderms may cause intensive bioturbation and reworking of sediments. Echinoderms provide valuable evidence for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Ecological ...

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Growth Zones in the Echinoid Skeleton

Cited by 137 publications

References 21 publications

Use of plate growth measurement for the estimation of skeletal growth of two sand dollars, Astriclypeus manni (Verrill 1867) and Clypeaster japonicus (D^|^ouml;derlein 1885), in Jeju, Korea

Use of plate growth measurement for the estimation of skeletal growth of two sand dollars, Astriclypeus manni (Verrill 1867) and Clypeaster japonicus (D^|^ouml;derlein 1885), in Jeju, Korea

Descartes, Plateau, and sea urchins

Echinoderms and Oligo‐Miocene Carbonate Systems: Potential Applications in Sedimentology and Environmental Reconstruction

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