Growth, Yield and Biochemical Responses in Barley to DAP and Chitosan Application under Water Stress

Abstract

The present investigation was aimed at enhancing the quality and productivity of barley by the fertilizer and chitosan application. The field experiments were conducted in the northern region of Jordan, under the rain fed conditions in the main growing seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The experiment was conducted in a well-designed split-plot having three replications and two fertilizer levels (0 and 100 kg•ha-1 DAP (Diammonium phosphate 46% P 2 O 5). Chitosan, in three different concentrations (0, 5, and 10 g•L-1), was randomly applied to all fertilized plots as subplot treatments. The results revealed the highest seed dry weight (5.8 g per plant) in the plants treated with 100 kg•ha-1 of DAP, while the lowest (5.2 g per plant) was recorded in the control which exhibited an increase of about 10%. However, other parameters, namely the number of grains, number of spikes, and number of grains were also found to be influenced by the chitosan treatment. Significant variation (P<0.01) were also high between the lines in the presence and absence of chitosan application. The highest number of grain yield, number of spikes, and grains/spike were found by the foliar treatment of 10 g•L-1 chitosan to barley plants at the tillering stage. Similarly, the grain quality, particularly with respect to protein and starch, was found to be enhanced significantly over control. The highest protein (12.6%) and starch (62.3%) were obtained with 100 kg•ha-1 DAP fertilizer level mixed with 10 g•L-1 chitosan. Hence, based on results, it can be concluded that the fertilizer level 100 kg•ha-1 DAP combined with 10 g•L-1 chitosan is economically best and recommendable for improving the quality and productivity of barley in the northern region of Jordan.

Early Vegetative Growth of Barley And Triticale Sown at Different Seed And Dap Fertilizer Rates under Rainfed Conditions

“…On the other hand, they also demonstrated that crops or varieties with fewer tillers are favorable in water limited environments. These results are agreed with those of Tawaha et al (2020) who recorded limited number of tillers for barley (1-2 tillers.plant -1 ) and other growth characters under rainfed conditions. Means of the individual factors and their interactions that share the letters do not differ significantly according to the DMRT test, 1955, at the 5% level.…”

“…Vern et al (2015 reported that triticale crop is about 80% leafy material and this can be answering the enquiry of the superiority of this crop to barley in growth traits and mainly leaf area. Similarly, Tawaha et al (2020) reported restrict growth performance of barley under rainfed conditions. Means of the individual factors and their interactions that share the letters do not differ significantly according to the DMRT test, 1955, at the 5% level.…”

The Potential of Using Chitosan on Cereal Crops in the Face of Climate Change

“…Certainly, chitosan has a positive effect on yield and yield indices regardless of the type of grain. The conclusions of the above review are based on a large number of field studies [25][26][27][28]30,31,38,40,[42][43][44]47,50,51]. Moreover, they have also been verified by experiments conducted under laboratory [36,37], and greenhouse conditions [33][34][35]45,48].…”

“…A significant improvement of grain yield per plant, number of spikes per plant and number of grains per spike, and 100-grain weight compared to samples without chitosan was observed [30]. Also after the application of chitosan with DAP fertilizer (Diammonium phosphate 46% P2O5), an increase of the same parameters was achieved [31]. Another cereal on which research was conducted was maize.…”

Alleviation of Salt Stress with Chitosan Foliar Application and Its Effects on Growth and Development in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

“…Since then, chitosan or chitosan-related compounds have been evaluated against salinity in maize (Oliveira et al, 2016;Al-Tawaha et al, 2018) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings (Jabeen and Ahmad, 2013), tomato (Hernandez-Hernandez et al, 2018a, 2018b, and bentgrass (Geng et al, 2020). There were also reports of enhanced abiotic stress tolerance with the application of chitosan or related products (Al-Tawaha et al, 2020;Elansary et al, 2020;Hafez et al, 2020). There is a wide range of chitosan applications in agriculture and it is still a relatively unknown compound with great potential in crop production (Hidangmayum and Dwivedi, 2022).…”