Growth, uptake, and assimilation of ammonium, nitrate, and urea, by three strains of Karenia brevis grown under low light

Sinclair, Geoff; Kamykowski, Daniel; Glibert, Patricia M.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2009.02.006

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…The significance of intraspecific variability in harmful algae has been discussed recently by several authors (Burkholder and Glibert, 2006;Lartigue et al, 2009;Sinclair et al, 2009;Thessen et al, 2009;Tillman et al, 2009;Kerä nen et al, 2010). For example, genotypic and phenotypic variability in noxious phytoplankton has been detected among isolates separated either geographically (Ichimi et al, 2002;Penna et al, 2005;Lilly et al, 2007;Touzet et al, 2007Touzet et al, , 2008 or temporally (Rynearson and Armbrust, 2005) and has even been found among clones obtained from a single geographical population (Cho et al, 2008;Tillman et al, 2009;Alpermann et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growth, toxicity and genetic characterization of seven strains of Alexandrium catenella (Whedon and Kofoid) Balech 1985 (Dinophyceae) isolated during the 2009 summer outbreak in southern Chile

et al. 2011

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growth, toxicity and genetic characterization of seven strains of Alexandrium catenella (Whedon and Kofoid) Balech 1985 (Dinophyceae) isolated during the 2009 summer outbreak in southern Chile

et al. 2011

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“…In Chesapeake Bay plankton, a diel pattern in urea uptake was observed with the highest rates of urea uptake in mid-afternoon and the lowest rates during the night (Bronk et al 1998). However, urea uptake can take place during the dark in dinoflagellatedominated assemblages (Kudela & Cochlan 2000, Fan & Glibert 2005, Sinclair et al 2009). In the Chesapeake Bay plume, urea uptake represented a larger proportion of total N utilization during the night than during the day, because utilization of NO 3 -and NH 4 + decreased more at night (Glibert et al 1991).…”

Section: Pseudo-nitzschia Australismentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of urea in microbial metabolism in aquatic systems: a biochemical and molecular review

Solomon

Collier²,

Berg³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

237

238

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Urea synthesized commercially and formed naturally as a by-product of cellular metabolism is an important source of nitrogen (N) for primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Although urea is usually present at ambient concentrations below 1 µM-N, it can contribute 50% or more of the total N used by planktonic communities. Urea may be produced intracellularly via purine catabolism and/or the urea cycle. In many bacteria and eukaryotes, urea in the cell can be broken down by urease into NH 4 + and CO 2 . In addition, some bacteria and eukaryotes use urea amidolyase (UALase) to decompose urea. The regulation of urea uptake appears to differ from the regulation of urease activity, and newly available genomic sequence data reveal that urea transporters in eukaryotic phytoplankton are distinct from those present in Cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria with different energy sources and possibly different enzyme kinetics. The diverse metabolic pathways of urea transport, production, and decomposition may contribute to differences in the role that urea plays in the physiology and ecology of different species, and in the role that each species plays in the biogeochemistry of urea. This review summarizes what is known about urea sources and availability, use of urea as an organic N growth source, rates of urea uptake, enzymes involved in urea metabolism (i.e. urea transporters, urease, UALase), and the biochemical and molecular regulation of urea transport and metabolic enzymes, with an emphasis on the potential for genomic sequence data to continue to provide important new insights.

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“…Studies with field populations of K. brevis show that it can use nitrate, ammonia, urea, glutamate, and dissolved organic matter from Trichodesmium . Sinclair et al (2009) have shown that K. brevis takes up ammonia and urea at night as well as day, which could be important in obtaining nutrients during diel vertical migration. showed that K. brevis can use glycine, valine, and methionine.…”

Section: Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karenia: The biology and ecology of a toxic genus

2012

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Growth, uptake, and assimilation of ammonium, nitrate, and urea, by three strains of Karenia brevis grown under low light

Cited by 38 publications

References 58 publications

The growth, toxicity and genetic characterization of seven strains of Alexandrium catenella (Whedon and Kofoid) Balech 1985 (Dinophyceae) isolated during the 2009 summer outbreak in southern Chile

The growth, toxicity and genetic characterization of seven strains of Alexandrium catenella (Whedon and Kofoid) Balech 1985 (Dinophyceae) isolated during the 2009 summer outbreak in southern Chile

Role of urea in microbial metabolism in aquatic systems: a biochemical and molecular review

Karenia: The biology and ecology of a toxic genus

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