Growth Stage and Drying Methods Affect Essential Oil Content and Composition of Pickling Herb (Echinophora tenuifolia subsp. sibthorpiana Tutin)

Abstract

The present research was conducted during 2012 in order to determine the essential oil content and composition of Echinophora tenuifolia subsp. sibthorpiana Tutin. Plants were collected during rosette, vegetative growth, full flowering and fruit-ripening stages. Oil was extracted using Clavenger hydrodistillation apparatus from either fresh, shade dried or sun dried samples. Oil composition was determined with a GC/MS. Oil content of samples showed significant variation during the vegetative stages of development. Oil contents of fresh samples were found to be 0.76% at seedling stage whereas oil content has risen to 1.06% at seed set. The shade-dried samples had higher oil contents than the fresh and sun dried samples. The oil composition of pickling herb changed with drying method and growth stage. Throughout the growth stage of the plant, the oil was composed of 21 components and the main components were found to be αphellandrene (47.43 -66.39%) and methyl eugenol (21.29 -38.72%). While methyl eugenol content decreased during vegetation period for both fresh and dried samples, α-phellandrene level increased. Attention should be given to the collection time and drying method of pickling herb for different uses since vegetative stage and drying method influence oil content and composition.

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oils from Satureja macrantha C.A.Mey. at Different Growth Stages

“…and Echinophora tenuifolia (Guss.) Tutin revealed the influence of growth stages on the quali-quantitative composition of EOs [43,[45][46][47].…”

How do essential oil composition and phenolic acid profile of Heracleum persicum fluctuate at different phenological stages?

“…According to these data, the greatest yield was observed at the mid‐development stage of the seeds, while the minimum yield was associated with the vegetative stages (Figure 2). Other medicinal plants such as the Apiaceae family, including Oliveria decumbens (Esmaeili et al., 2018), Trachyspermum Ammi (Soltani Howyzeh et al., 2018), and Echinophora tenuifolia (Şanli et al., 2016 ) , followed the same pattern and produced different essential oil content at various growth stages. This can be due to different physiological activities of these plants at various stages of development and its interaction with environment condition.…”

“…The final growth stage also had higher essential oil percentage, indicating the effect of different phenological stages on the essential oil percentage quality. So we can pinpoint (Kaškonienė et al, 2011;Özgüven & Tansi, 1998;Şanli et al, 2016).…”

Guide to Harvesting Heracleum Persicum: How Essential Oil Composition and Phenolic Acid Profile Fluctuate at Different Phenological Stages?

“…These plants had low essential oil content in early growth stages, while the highest essential oil content was obtained at seed setting and seed phase. Less moisture content and lower activity of some essential enzymes for biosynthesis of speci c compounds at seeding stage lead to less essential oil production at early stages of growth 28,33,34 . Furthermore, previous studies showed that essential oil content was not the same in different plant organs.…”

“…The nal growth stage also had higher essential oil percentage, indicating the effect of different phenological stages on the essential oil percentage quality. So we can pinpoint the phytochemical compounds extracted from the plant strongly depend on the plant organ and phenological stage 34,47,48 . In a study to investigate the phenological effects on phytochemical compounds at different populations of the Tithonia diversifolia, the cluster and principal component analyses were used and the results showed that phytochemical compounds were differed in various phenological stages 49 .…”