Growth response of grassland species to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and plant strategy

Bungener, P.; Nussbaum, S.; Grub, Anton; Fuhrer, Jürg

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00389.x

Cited by 61 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…When Species and\or g s were used, other inputs were of little or no importance. Removing Species and g s as inputs revealed that R does not become the most important variable, in contrast with what could be expected from the observed positive correlation between the reduction in growth by O $ and R (Reiling & Davison, 1992 ;Bungener et al, 1999). When plant-specific parameters are not included in the model, VPD 5 days appears to be the most important variable, confirming the results of the analysis of data for T. repens obtained in ambient air (Benton et al 1996).…”

Section: Artificial Neuron Network Model Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…Injured and healthy leaves were separated and counted at each harvest. Further details of the harvesting procedure are given in Bungener et al (1999). In the course of each growth period, the date of first appearance of injured leaves was recorded for each plant species in each treatment, and the type of injury was noted.…”

Section: Harvests and Assessment Of Visible Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…$ A number assigned to each species (Species) $ Stomatal conductance at 1 kPa VPD (g s ) $ Relative growth rate (R) of individual species in the CF treatment, as calculated from the difference in plant dry weight at the beginning and the end of GP1\1995 (from Bungener et al, 1999) $ Mean global radiation on the five days before injury and from the start of the experiment (light 5 days and light from start, respectively) $ The AOT40 on the 5 d before injury and from the start of the experiment (AOT40 5 days and AOT40 from start, respectively) $ Mean VPD during the 5 d before injury and from the start of the experiment (VPD 5 days and VPD from start, respectively)…”

Section: Artificial Neural Network Model Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three individuals per species were then transferred into pots (12 cm diameter) containing the same substrate. On 31 May, two plants from each pot were removed and used for the determination of the initial plant dry weight (Bungener et al, 1999). One pot per species with a single plant was placed in each of 24 open-top chambers (OTC), and exposed to O $ .…”

Section: Plant Materials and Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaf injury characteristics of grassland species exposed to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and vapour pressure deficit

et al. 1999

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A range of plant species typical of semi-natural grasslands were tested for their sensitivity to short-term ozone injury under normal and reduced irrigation, and in relationship to air vapour pressure deficit. Potted specimens of 24 herbs, legumes and grasses were exposed during two seasons to four O$ treatments in open-top chambers. The ozone treatments were : (a) charcoal-filtered air ; (b) charcoal-filtered air plus ozone to match ambient levels ; (c) charcoal-filtered air plus O $ to ambient levels 1n5 and (d ) charcoal-filtered air with ozone added to twice ambient levels during selected episodes of 7-13 d. During these ozone episodes, half of the plants in each ozone treatment received reduced irrigation (dry treatment) while the rest was kept under full irrigation (wet treatment). Type and date of first occurrence of leaf injury were noted during individual growth periods. Plants were harvested three times per year, and the percentage of injured leaves was recorded. Depending on species, injury symptoms were expressed as flecking (O $ -specific injury), leaf yellowing or anthocyanin formation. Carum carvi and most species of the Fabaceae family (Onobrychis sativa, Trifolium repens, Trifolium pratense) were found to be most responsive to O $ , injury occurring after only a few days of exposure in treatment (b). An episodic reduction in irrigation tended to reduce the expression of O $ -specific symptoms, but only in species for which a reduction in soil moisture potential and an associated reduction in stomatal conductance during the dry episodes were observed. In other species, the protection from O $ injury seemed to be of little importance. Using artificial neural networks the injury response of nine species was analysed in relation to Species, stomatal conductance, ozone as AOT40 (accumulated exposure above a threshold of 0n04 ppm for periods with global radiation 50 W m −# (Fuhrer et al., 1997)), mean relative growth rate, air vapour pressure deficit and global radiation. In the model with all factors, Species was most important, and when Species was omitted, stomatal conductance was the most important determinant for leaf injury to occur, whereas mean relative growth rate was less important. With no plant-related factors included, air vapour pressure deficit and AOT40 were of highest importance. Only in eight species was a positive relationship found between these two factors during the five days before the onset of injury, indicating increasing protection from ozone with increasing air vapour pressure deficit in some but not all species. These data show that across a range of grassland species, leaf injury caused by elevated levels of ozone is most likely to occur in species with high stomatal conductance and that protection from ozone during dry periods is species-specific and depends on a reduction in stomatal conductance due to a decrease in soil moisture potential. Protection under increased vapour pressure deficit can occur in some but not all species, depending on the relationship between stom...

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Section: Artificial Neuron Network Model Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Harvests and Assessment Of Visible Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Artificial Neural Network Model Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Materials and Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaf injury characteristics of grassland species exposed to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and vapour pressure deficit

et al. 1999

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“…When grown under shade cloth at 24% of full light intensity, plants devoted energy to reproduction at the expense of root growth and production of late-season leaves (Boutin and Morisset 1988). Bungener et al (1999) found that L. vulgare was sensitive to ozone concentrations of double the ambient level, exhibiting decreased biomass in the first year of growth. In contrast, Mortensen and Nilsen (1992) found that L. vulgare biomass did not decrease with exposure to enhanced ozone levels, but exposed plants did exhibit chlorosis.…”

Section: Growth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 128. Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.

Clements¹,

Cole²,

King³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. (Asteraceae), known as ox-eye daisy, is a familiar perennial herb with white ray florets and yellow disc florets. It commonly inhabits roadside ver ges, pastures and old fields from Newfoundland to British Columbia, and also as far north as the Yukon Territory. Introduced from Europe, L. vulgare was well established in North America by 1800. The Canadian distribution of L. vulgare has expanded in many areas recently, particularly in western Canada. It can form dense populations that may reduce diversity of natural vegetation or pasture quality, and also serves as a host and reservoir for several species of polyphagous gall-forming Meloidogyne nematodes that feed on crops. It is considered a noxious weed under provincial legislation in Quebec, Manitoba, Alberta and British Columbia, as well as under the Canada Seeds Act. Control efforts are sometimes complicated by difficulties in distinguishing ox-eye daisy from some forms of the commercially available Shasta daisy ( L. × superbum).

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Current and future ozone risks to global terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes

Fuhrer

Martin

Mills

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Risks associated with exposure of individual plant species to ozone (O3) are well documented, but implications for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes have received insufficient attention. This is an important gap because feedbacks to the atmosphere may change as future O3 levels increase or decrease, depending on air quality and climate policies. Global simulation of O3 using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) revealed that in 2000, about 40% of the Global 200 terrestrial ecoregions (ER) were exposed to O3 above thresholds for ecological risks, with highest exposures in North America and Southern Europe, where there is field evidence of adverse effects of O3, and in central Asia. Experimental studies show that O3 can adversely affect the growth and flowering of plants and alter species composition and richness, although some communities can be resilient. Additional effects include changes in water flux regulation, pollination efficiency, and plant pathogen development. Recent research is unraveling a range of effects belowground, including changes in soil invertebrates, plant litter quantity and quality, decomposition, and nutrient cycling and carbon pools. Changes are likely slow and may take decades to become detectable. CESM simulations for 2050 show that O3 exposure under emission scenario RCP8.5 increases in all major biomes and that policies represented in scenario RCP4.5 do not lead to a general reduction in O3 risks; rather, 50% of ERs still show an increase in exposure. Although a conceptual model is lacking to extrapolate documented effects to ERs with limited or no local information, and there is uncertainty about interactions with nitrogen input and climate change, the analysis suggests that in many ERs, O3 risks will persist for biodiversity at different trophic levels, and for a range of ecosystem processes and feedbacks, which deserves more attention when assessing ecological implications of future atmospheric pollution and climate change.

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Growth response of grassland species to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and plant strategy

Cited by 61 publications

References 26 publications

Leaf injury characteristics of grassland species exposed to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and vapour pressure deficit

Leaf injury characteristics of grassland species exposed to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and vapour pressure deficit

The biology of Canadian weeds. 128. Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.

Current and future ozone risks to global terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes

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