Growth response and fatty acid composition of juvenile red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) fed different sources of dietary lipid

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the effects of different sources of dietary lipid that differ in fatty acid (FA) composition on growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, and whole‐body proximate and FA composition of juvenile red claw. Juvenile red claw (0.55 ± 0.02 g) were reared over a 12‐week period. Five practical diets were supplemented with 70 g kg−1 oil (by weight) from either linseed oil (LO), canola oil (CAO), corn oil (CO), beef tallow (BT) or menhaden oil (MO) and formulated to contain 400 g kg−1 crude protein. Red claw were fed three times daily (800, 1200 and 1600) to controlled excess. At the conclusion of the experimental period, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) found in percentage survival and FCR among dietary treatments and values averaged 85.4% and 3.4, respectively. However, final mean weight and specific growth rate of red claw fed Diet 1 (LO) was significantly higher (16.44 g and 3.95% day−1, respectively) compared with that of red claw fed Diet 4 (BT; 12.24 g and 3.43% day−1, respectively), but not different from red claw fed the other three diets. Likewise, red claw fed Diets 1 (LO) and 2 (CAO) had significantly higher percentage weight gain (2990 and 2880%, respectively) compared with the BT diet (2124%), but not different from red claw fed Diets 3 (CO) and 5 (MO). Whole‐body fat and ash composition was significantly affected (P < 0.05) by source of added lipid, but no differences were found in whole‐body moisture and protein. Moreover, whole‐body FA composition showed differences among the varying oil sources and primarily reflected the FA in the diets. Results of the present study indicate that plant oils LO, CAO and CO rich in linolenic acid (18:3n‐3), linoleic acid (18:2n‐6) and oleic acid (18:1n‐9) perform as well as MO containing high levels of n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids eicosapentanoic acid (20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3) for juvenile red claw crayfish grown indoors lacking natural food items. Further, red claw fed a diet containing BT, which has a high percentage of saturated FA, performed poorly compared with LO and CO in regards to weight gain. It appears that juvenile red claw can be fed diets containing less expensive plant‐based oils with high levels of 18‐carbon unsaturated fatty acids. This could reduce diet costs for producers and allow for profitability.

Growth, antioxidant capacity, intestine histology and lipid metabolism of juvenile red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus , fed different lipid sources

“…Currently, nutritional studies of C. quadricarinatus focused largely on the appropriate supplement level of macronutrients and the optimal proportion of protein and lipids in the diet (Cortés‐Jacinto et al., 2004, 2005; Pavasovic et al., 2007). Previous research has reported the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth, survival and fatty acid compositions in C. quadricarinatus (Hernández‐Vergara et al., 2003; Li et al., 2011; Thompson et al., 2010), but there was no study focused on the comparing effects of different dietary lipid sources on biochemical parameters as well as lipid metabolism. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of different lipid sources (fish oil, soybean oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil and linseed oil) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestine histology, whole‐body composition, fatty acid nutrition and lipid metabolism characteristic of juvenile C. quadricarinatus .…”

“…Traditionally, fish oil is the most significant lipid source in the commercial feed of most aquatic animals because of its rich n−3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n−3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n−3), which are essential fatty acids for cultured fish and crustaceans (Chen, Xu, et al, 2020;Chen, Sun, et al, 2020;Tocher, 2003Tocher, , 2015). For C. quadricarinatus, plant oil can be a good substitute for fish oil because of the preference for phytophagous (Li et al, 2011;Thompson et al, 2010). Different plant oils are rich in various representative fatty acid nutrition such as n−3, n−6 and n−9 fatty acids in linseed oil, rapeseed oil and soybean oil, respectively, which driving different physiological function and induce different fatty acid nutrition status in the organism (Corraze & Kaushik, 2009).…”

“…Currently, nutritional studies of C. quadricarinatus focused largely on the appropriate supplement level of macronutrients and the optimal proportion of protein and lipids in the diet (Cortés-Jacinto et al, 2004, 2005Pavasovic et al, 2007). Previous research has reported the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth, survival and fatty acid compositions in C. quadricarinatus (Hernández-Vergara et al, 2003;Li et al, 2011;Thompson et al, 2010), but there was no study focused on the comparing effects of different dietary lipid sources on biochemical parameters as well as lipid metabolism.…”

A review of juvenile redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1898) aquaculture: global production practices and innovation

“…A considerable body of research has been published on redclaw nutrition for the grow out phase, from juvenile (Jones 1995a(Jones , 1995b(Jones , 1995c(Jones , 1995d; Meade and Watts 1995; Anson and Rouse 1996; Fletcher and Warburton 1997; Loya-Javellana and Fielder 1997; Ruscoe et al 2000;Cortés-Jacinto et al 2003;Thompson et al 2003aThompson et al , 2003bCortés-Jacinto et al 2004a, 2004bHernandez et al 2004;Muzinic et al 2004;Thompson et al 2004;Cortés-Jacinto et al 2005;López-López et al 2005;Thompson et al 2005;Campaña-Torres et al 2006;Metts et al 2007;Saoud et al 2008;Zenteno-Savín et al 2008;Gutiérrez and Rodríguez 2010;Thompson et al 2010;Garza de Yta et al 2011;Saoud et al 2012;Viau et al 2012;Zhu et al 2013;Dammannagoda et al 2015;Pirozzi et al 2015;Volpe et al 2015) through to marketable size (ca.100 g) (Loya-Javellana et al 1993;Asgari 2004;Pavasovic et al 2006Pavasovic et al , 2007aPavasovic et al , 2007bCampaña-Torres et al 2008;Rodriguez-Gonzalez et al 2009a, 2009bLi et al 2011;Saoud et al 2012;…”

Effect of different diets on digestive enzyme activities, in vitro digestibility, and midgut gland structure in juvenile crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus

“…Aquaculture is a growing and important production sector for high-protein animal food. Feed cost represents a large portion (up to 70%) of the total operating cost in intensive aquaculture (Thompson et al 2010). Adequate nutrition is essential for profitable aquaculture, and the effectiveness of the feeds administered depends on our knowledge of how organisms use the components of the diet (Carrillo-Farn es et al 2006).…”