Growth, reproduction, and production biology of mouse-ear and king devil hawkweed in eastern South Island, New Zealand

Makepeace, W.

doi:10.1080/0028825x.1985.10425309

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…King devil responded better to alsike clover because of its normally taller, erect habit and greater leaf extension when shaded (Makepeace 1980). However, white clover was more restricted in height by its stoloniferous habit and grew around, but did not overgrow, plants of mouse-ear which performed well.…”

Section: Alsikementioning

confidence: 95%

Interference phenomena due to mouse-ear and king devil hawkweed

Makepeace

Dobson

Scott³

1985

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Mouse-ear (Pilosella ojficinarum) and king devil (P. praealta), introduced to New Zealand in the 1920's, have rapidly increased in abundance in the modified short-tussock grasslands of the dry montane regions of South Island. Allelopathr and competition effects were investigated to explatn the success of these hawkweed species in ousting other species and to find an agronomically useful species to out-compete them. Evidence of allelopathic effects was found in both laboratory and field experiments. The phytotoxic agents in mouse.-ear and king devil are phenolics of which umbelhfe.rone is the most active. Umbelliferone, present 10 mouse-ear leaves only, is washed into the soil from recently dead leaves but not from living leaves, and is deleterious to root development. Mouse-ear and king devil compete for nitrogen, phosphorus, and water. Pot competition trials with several grass and clover species showed alsike clover to be the best competitor against the two hawkw.eeds .. The nutrient and moisture status of the soll modified the allelopathic effect. In field conditions, aUelopathy is effective as an interference phenomenon only under certain circumstances.

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Section: Alsikementioning

confidence: 95%

Interference phenomena due to mouse-ear and king devil hawkweed

Makepeace

Dobson

Scott³

1985

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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“…My field experience is that the pattern of//, pilosella incidence within and between blocks is only weakly related to any patterns of past or present fertiliser use, apart from their general reduction from clover competition with fertiliser. Although Makepeace's (1985) growth rate measurements indicate that H. pilosella may ultimately reach its maximum occurrence in the mid-rainfall zone (c. 800 mm), these may be more interpretable in terms of the high top-soil P status of soils in that zone from loess input than from any applied fertiliser. Adams (1987) made a particular study of Hieracium pilosella in the present PxS trial in its 5th year.…”

Section: Hieraciummentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of New Zealand high‐country pastures under contrasting development inputs. 1. Site, and shoot nutrients

Scott

1999

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Two adjacent studies of sheep-grazed mixed-species pasture, on a Pukaki/Tekapo high country soil, have been on-going since 1982. One compared 30 combinations of 5 increasing growth regimes (0-500 kg ha -1 yr -1 superphosphate +irrigation) × 3 stocking rates × 2 stocking methods; the other compared 27 combinations of P and S fertiliser (0-100 kg ha -1 yr -1 ). Summer shoot concentrations of P, S, N, and other macro-and micro-nutrients in Lupinus polyphyllus, Trifolium ambiguum, T. hybridum, T. repens, T. pratense, Hieracium pilosella, Festuca rubra, and Dactylis glomerata are reported for the PxS study. Dactylis glomerata was notable for its large change in shoot P and S concentration with changes in P and S soil levels, whereas Lupinus polyphyllus and Festuca rubra showed low variation in S shoot concentration, and Hieracium pilosella low variation in shoot P concentration, under varying fertilisers rates and combinations. Species tended to have their highest shoot S concentration where they made their major contribution in mixed swards. Herbage Se, I, and Na levels were low to deficient for sheep nutrition.

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“…The treatment with the lowest yield was the king devil monoculture at 0 fertility level-5x cutting (55 kg DM/ha). The low yields at the 0 fertility level fell within the range of values between 10 and 1350 kg DM/ha that Makepeace (1985a) estimated for mouse ear and king devil in Mackenzie Basin tussock grasslands. Consequently the interference responses observed at this low fertility level are most relevant to unfertilised field situations where Makepeace made his observations.…”

Section: Environmental Perspectivementioning

confidence: 89%

“…Mouse ear grows better than king devil on dry sites (Makepeace 1985a). Consequently, irrigation to avoid water deficit would have favoured interference from king devil over mouse ear.…”

Section: Environmental Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil fertility level and cutting frequency on interference amongHieracium pilosella, H. praealtum, Rumex acetosella,andFestuca novae‐zelandiae

Fan

Harris

1996

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The role of ecological factors in the invasion of fescue tussock grassland by Hieracium species was investigated in a box experiment. Soil fertility and cutting frequency effects on interference between the introduced flat weeds Hieracium pilosella, H. praealtum, and Rumex acetosella and the native bunch grass Festuca novae-zelandiae established on a denuded soil were examined using a model and technique involving stress and disturbance gradients. The weed species showed marked biomass and phenological responses to increased availability of mineral nutrients compared to F. novae-zelandiae, which had reduced yield at the highest level of soil fertility. At high soil fertility, R. acetosella suppressed both Hieracium species and F. novae-zelandiae, probably because it competed more effectively for light. Cutting frequency also influenced the pattern of interference between the species by effects on competition for light, vegetative spread, and partitioning of biomass to parts of the plants above and near or below ground. Characteristics that have enabled Hieracium species to be successful invaders of tussock grasslands include markedly phasic growth coincident with the time of year when temperature, water, and nutrients are least limiting, A95028Received 29 May 1995; accepted 30 January 1996 ability to respond rapidly in vegetative and reproductive growth to pulses of mineral nutrient availability, and growth habits that enable them to invade and then hold on to sites they have occupied. Once they have occupied inter-tussock spaces it appears that hawkweeds can competitively exclude tussocks. The pattern of Hieracium root distribution and seasonal periodicity of the activity of their root systems may be important in the process of competitive exclusion of tussock grasses.

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Growth, reproduction, and production biology of mouse-ear and king devil hawkweed in eastern South Island, New Zealand

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

Interference phenomena due to mouse-ear and king devil hawkweed

Interference phenomena due to mouse-ear and king devil hawkweed

Sustainability of New Zealand high‐country pastures under contrasting development inputs. 1. Site, and shoot nutrients

Effects of soil fertility level and cutting frequency on interference amongHieracium pilosella, H. praealtum, Rumex acetosella,andFestuca novae‐zelandiae

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