Growth Regulation by Ethylene in Fern Gametophytes. I. Effects on Protonemal and Rhizoidal Growth and Interaction with Auxin

Miller, Pauline Monz; Sweet, Haven C.; Miller, John H.

doi:10.2307/2440515

Cited by 30 publications

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“…This suggests that auxins may not be involved in the regulation of ethylene production in Selaginella. A similar phenomenon has been reported by Miller et al (16). They studied the interaction of ethylene with auxin on rhizoidal and protonemal elongation of the gametophyte of the fern, Onoclea.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Reproductive Biology of Selaginella

Brooks¹

1973

Plant Physiol.

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Control clumps of Selaginella wallacei Heiron., sprayed with distilled water with Tween 20, produced a high proportion of microsporangia. Similar clumps sprayed with 2-chlorethyl-phosphonic acid, and ethylene-releasing compound (Ethephon), at 7.65 and 76.5 mg/liter produced almost exclusively megasporangia. Treatment of Selaginella pallescens (Presl) Spring with Ethephon at 34 mg/liter caused the production of megasporangia in the microsporangiate files of the strobili. The possibility that ethylene may be involved in the regulation of heterospory in Selaginella is discussed.Functionally different spores of two types are produced by all seed plants during the development of the organs of sexual reproduction. The gametophyte which is produced from one type of spore (the megaspore) bears the egg and its associated structures, while the gametophyte which is produced from the spore with the other developmental potential (the microspore) bears the sperm. A few families of vascular plants which do not produce seeds also produce spores with two different developmental patterns. Not only are these spores functionally different, but they are also different in size. This condition is generally called heterospory (26).The heterosporous genus Selaginella is a member of the lycopod family, Selaginellaceae, which has a fossil record dating from the Carboniferous. The morphological basis of heterospory in Selaginella has been the subject of several recent reports (7,8,12,19) and numerous earlier reports for over a century.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Reproductive Biology of Selaginella

Brooks¹

1973

Plant Physiol.

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“…The answer appears to be affirmative for some and undetermined at present for others. Ethylene is known to promote filament elongation of Onoclea protonema and to inhibit elongation of rhizoids (14). From a preliminary examination of C02-treated gametophytes (unpublished data), it is evident that these two effects of ethylene are also reversed by CO2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of CO2 to reverse ethylene inhibition of cell division is less obvious in developing gametophytes, and without more quantitative data a definite statement cannot be made at this time. Nevertheless, since normal spore germination involves cell division, it would be surprising if CO2 did not reverse correspondingly the ethylene inhibition of cell division in protonemal and prothallial cells of this species (6,14). Recently, in another fern species, Athyrium felix-femina (L.) Roth, CO2 was reported to antagonize the effects of ethylene on elongation and division in protonemal cells (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the first determinations of the effect of ethylene specifically at the cellular level was with Onoclea gametophytes: cell division in different stages of gametophytic development, both protonemal and prothallial, is reduced by ethylene (6,14). Germination of unicellular Onoclea spores also is inhibited by ethylene (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Instead, some tissues and cells respond to ethylene by elongating. Examples of the latter phenomenon include fern protonema (14), aquatic species of angiosperms (10,17), and mesocotyl tissues of oats and rice (16). When applied to rice seedlings (13) or to Onoclea protonema (14), ethylene promotes cellular elongation, although in the later prothallial stage of Onoclea, the ethylene promotion is absent (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene Control of Spore Germination in Onoclea sensibilis L

Edwards¹

1977

Plant Physiol.

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In gametophytes of the sensitive fern, Onoclea sensibilis L., ethylene is a natural product of metabolism. One of the first determinations of the effect of ethylene specifically at the cellular level was with Onoclea gametophytes: cell division in different stages of gametophytic development, both protonemal and prothallial, is reduced by ethylene (6,14). Germination of unicellular Onoclea spores also is inhibited by ethylene (7). Likewise, in many multicellular systems, ethylene is inhibitory to growth (1). In most higher plant systems, ethylene inhibition is reversed by C02, which acts competitively with ethylene (3, 4).Not all studies find inhibition when plants are treated with ethylene. Instead, some tissues and cells respond to ethylene by elongating. Examples of the latter phenomenon include fern protonema (14), aquatic species of angiosperms (10, 17), and mesocotyl tissues of oats and rice (16). When applied to rice seedlings (13) or to Onoclea protonema (14), ethylene promotes cellular elongation, although in the later prothallial stage of Onoclea, the ethylene promotion is absent (6). In some aquatic plant systems, combined ethylene-CO2 treatment not only stimulates tissue elongation, but ethylene and CO2 are synergistic (17). Thus, depending upon species and/or developmental stage, the effects of ethylene and CO2 may differ.Although ethylene was demonstrated to be inhibitory to cell division and spore germination in ferns (6, 7), the particular effect of CO2 on spore germination was not investigated previously. The present study was undertaken to determine the influence of CO2 and ethylene on the light-dependent germination of Onoclea spores.MATERIALS AND METHODS Spore Sterilization and Storage. Procedures similar to those described previously (7) were followed with some modifications. Fertile fronds of 0. sensibilis L. were collected in December, 1972, near Tully, N. Y., and stored initially at 4 C. Portions of a single frond were sterilized, dried overnight in a vacuum desiccator, and filtered through 100 ,um nylon mesh. The resultant spore fraction was collected aseptically in a Petri dish, wrapped with Parafilm around the edges, placed in a plastic bag, and stored at -20 C. When spores were needed, they were removed from the freezer and sown. Unused portions were returned to storage. Over a period of 20 months, spores were treated to several dozen cycles of warming and storing without any loss of viability. Germination by controls was about 95%.Culturing. Spores were cultured in glass tubes (25 x 100 mm) containing 10 ml of Knops solution (pH 5), and covered with stainless steel caps (28 x 38 mm) (7). Carbon dioxide uptake and alteration of pH of the buffered Knops solution were negligible for applied CO2 of 5% (v/v) or less. When checked with a pH meter, culture media exhibited no pH change after 48 hr incubation with 5% CO2. Culture media and materials were sterilized by autoclaving 10 min at 121 C and 1.05 kg cm-2. Approximately equal numbers of spores were inoculated aseptically. Following ino...

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Unusual Dark‐growth and Antheridial Differentiation in Some Gametophytes of the Fern Onoclea Sensibilis

Miller

1970

American J of Botany

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A fertile frond of O. sensibitis was found which yielded spores with unusual growth characteristics. About 25% of the gametophytes derived from the spores were able to undergo 2‐dimensional development in darkness, in contrast to normal plants which are filamentous in darkness. When the aberrant spores were cultured in darkness under conditions of reduced ethylene concentration, the proportion of 2‐dimensional plants rose to 75%, and, moreover, up to 50% of the gametophytes produced antheridia within 2 weeks. Under comparable conditions normal gametophytes produced no antheridia. The medium from antheridial cultures of the aberrant spores failed to induce the formation of antheridia in other plants.

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Growth Regulation by Ethylene in Fern Gametophytes. I. Effects on Protonemal and Rhizoidal Growth and Interaction with Auxin

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Reproductive Biology of Selaginella

Reproductive Biology of Selaginella

Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene Control of Spore Germination in Onoclea sensibilis L

Unusual Dark‐growth and Antheridial Differentiation in Some Gametophytes of the Fern Onoclea Sensibilis

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