Growth-Regulating Factors (GRFs): A Small Transcription Factor Family with Important Functions in Plant Biology

Omidbakhshfard, Mohammad Amin; Proost, Sebastian; Fujikura, Ushio; Mueller‐Roeber, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.molp.2015.01.013

Cited by 323 publications

(299 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(201 reference statements)

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“…The family of GRFs comprises 10 TFs in P. persica , but the description of their functions is still incomplete (see annotations, for instance at http://planttfdb.cbi.pku.edu.cn/search.php). According to studies on A. thaliana , GRF is involved in leaf and root expansion (Omidbakhshfard et al, 2015), although its regulatory effect over pivotal and lateral roots remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Responses in Root and Leaf of Prunus persica under Drought Stress Using RNA Sequencing

et al. 2016

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Prunus persica L. Batsch, or peach, is one of the most important crops and it is widely established in irrigated arid and semi-arid regions. However, due to variations in the climate and the increased aridity, drought has become a major constraint, causing crop losses worldwide. The use of drought-tolerant rootstocks in modern fruit production appears to be a useful method of alleviating water deficit problems. However, the transcriptomic variation and the major molecular mechanisms that underlie the adaptation of drought-tolerant rootstocks to water shortage remain unclear. Hence, in this study, high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to assess the transcriptomic changes and the key genes involved in the response to drought in root tissues (GF677 rootstock) and leaf tissues (graft, var. Catherina) subjected to 16 days of drought stress. In total, 12 RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced. This generated a total of 315 M raw reads from both tissues, which allowed the assembly of 22,079 and 17,854 genes associated with the root and leaf tissues, respectively. Subsets of 500 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in roots and 236 in leaves were identified and functionally annotated with 56 gene ontology (GO) terms and 99 metabolic pathways, which were mostly associated with aminobenzoate degradation and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The GO analysis highlighted the biological functions that were exclusive to the root tissue, such as “locomotion,” “hormone metabolic process,” and “detection of stimulus,” indicating the stress-buffering role of the GF677 rootstock. Furthermore, the complex regulatory network involved in the drought response was revealed, involving proteins that are associated with signaling transduction, transcription and hormone regulation, redox homeostasis, and frontline barriers. We identified two poorly characterized genes in P. persica: growth-regulating factor 5 (GRF5), which may be involved in cellular expansion, and AtHB12, which may be involved in root elongation. The reliability of the RNA-seq experiment was validated by analyzing the expression patterns of 34 DEGs potentially involved in drought tolerance using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The transcriptomic resources generated in this study provide a broad characterization of the acclimation of P. persica to drought, shedding light on the major molecular responses to the most important environmental stressor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Responses in Root and Leaf of Prunus persica under Drought Stress Using RNA Sequencing

et al. 2016

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“…Growth-Regulating Factors (GRFs) are a class of plant-specific proteins involved 26 in the regulation of stem and leaf development that mainly act as positive regulators3 of cell proliferation (Omidbakhshfard et al, 2015). The first member of the GRF 28 family identified was OsGRF1 in rice (Oryza sativa).…”

Section: Factor-interacting Factor1 (Gif1) 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

GRF-interacting factor1 Regulates Shoot Architecture and Meristem Determinacy in Maize

et al. 2018

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One-sentence summary: Maize GIF1 promotes meristematic function in leaves and stems but restricts indeterminacy in the inflorescence by regulating the expression of several known inflorescence architecture-related genes.The authors responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantcell.org) are: Zuxin Zhang (zuxinzhang@mail.hzau.edu.cn) and Sarah Hake (hake@berkeley.edu). ABSTRACTPlant architecture results from a balance of indeterminate and determinate cell fates. Cells with indeterminate fates are located in meristems, comprising groups of pluripotent cells that produce lateral organs. Meristematic cells are also found in intercalary stem tissue, which provides cells for internodes, and at leaf margins to contribute to leaf width. We identified a maize (Zea mays) mutant that has a defect in balancing determinacy and indeterminacy. The mutant has narrow leaves and short internodes, suggesting a reduction in indeterminate cells in the leaf and stem. In contrast, the mutants fail to control indeterminacy in shoot meristems. Inflorescence meristems are fasciated, and determinate axillary meristems become indeterminate. Positional cloning identified growth regulating factor-interacting factor1 (gif1) as the responsible gene. gif1 mRNA accumulates in distinct domains of shoot meristems, consistent with tissues affected by the mutation. We determined which GROWTH REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) interact with GIF1 and carried out RNA-seq analysis. Many genes known to play roles in inflorescence architecture were differentially expressed in gif1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified some differentially expressed genes as direct targets of GIF1. The interactions with these

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“…GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR genes (GRFs) encode plant-specific transcription factors, which play a critical role in regulation of plant growth and development (Kim and Tsukaya 2015;Omidbakhshfard et al 2015). The first GRF gene was identified in rice, being suggested to perform a regulatory role in stem elongation induced by the phytohormone gibberellin (Van der Knaap et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GRFs have been isolated and characterized in a wide range of plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Glycine max (soybean), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Oryza sativa (rice), Zea mays (maize), Physcomitrella patens (moss), Marchantia polymorpha (liverwort), and other land plants (Kim and Tsukaya 2015;Omidbakhshfard et al 2015). Many studies have reported that GRFs act as positive regulators of cell proliferation and thus determine the final size of lateral organs, such as cotyledons, leaves, and flowers (Horiguchi et al 2005;Kim and Kende 2004;Kim et al 2003;Liu et al 2009;Wang et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of Brassica rapa GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR genes in Arabidopsis thaliana increases organ growth by enhancing cell proliferation

Hong

Kim

et al. 2017

J Plant Biotechnol

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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Abstract GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) genes encode plant-specific transcription factors containing two conserved QLQ and WRC domains and play critical roles in regulating the growth and development of lateral organs, such as cotyledons, leaves, and flowers. To explore the agricultural potential of Brassica rapa GRF genes (BrGRFs), the researchers isolated seven BrGRFs (BrGRF3-1, 3-2, 5, 7, 8-1, 8-2, and 9) and constructed BrGRF-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana plants (BrGRF-OX). BrGRF-OX plants developed larger cotyledons, leaves, and flowers as well as longer roots than the wild type. The increase in size of these organs were due to increases in cell number, but not due to cell size. BrGRF-OX plants also had larger siliques and seeds. Furthermore, BrGRF-OX seeds produced more oil than the wild type. RT-PCR analysis revealed that BrGRFs regulated expression of a wide range of genes that are involved in gibberellin-, auxin-, cell division-related growth processes. Taken together, the data indicates that BrGRFs act as positive regulators of plant growth, thus raising the possibility that they may serve as a useful genetic source for crop improvement with respect to organ size and seed oil production.

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Growth-Regulating Factors (GRFs): A Small Transcription Factor Family with Important Functions in Plant Biology

Cited by 323 publications

References 88 publications

Transcriptional Responses in Root and Leaf of Prunus persica under Drought Stress Using RNA Sequencing

Transcriptional Responses in Root and Leaf of Prunus persica under Drought Stress Using RNA Sequencing

GRF-interacting factor1 Regulates Shoot Architecture and Meristem Determinacy in Maize

Overexpression of Brassica rapa GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR genes in Arabidopsis thaliana increases organ growth by enhancing cell proliferation

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